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Ulcerative Colitis - Coggle Diagram
Ulcerative Colitis
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Risk Factors
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Sedentary lifestyle
This is a risk factor for your overall health, which directly relates to your gastrointestinal health.
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Treatments
Anti-inflammatory drugs such as 5-aminosalicylates and Corticosteroids will decrease the inflammation of the colon.
Immune system suppressors such as Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, and Tofacitinib reduce the inflammation of the colon and also suppress the immune system response that begins the process of inflammation.
Biologics such as Infliximab, Vedolizumab, and Ustekinumab.
Biologics are derived from human genes and they act on the immune system, specifically the parts that cause inflammation. They target the protein tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) which causes the inflammation.
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Ileoanal anastomosis (J-pouch) surgery constructs a pouch from the end of the small intestine, which is attached to the anus, allowing waste to be expelled normally. If this isn’t possible, an ileal stoma will be created making a permanent opening in the abdomen, and waste will be collected in a bag.
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Pathogenesis
This disease process typically begins in the rectum, and can remain localized (ulcerative proctitis), or extend proximally to involve the entire colon. It rarely involves most of the large bowel.
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In beginning stages of UC, the mucus membrane is erythematous, finely granular, friable, has a loss of normal vascular pattern, and has scattered hemorrhages areas.
In severe stages of the disease, there are large mucosal ulcers with copious purulent exudate.
This is an autoimmune disease, where the immune system thinks that food, gut bacteria, the bacteria that are lining the colon, etc. are intruders. WBC’s attack the colon causing inflammation and ulcers. It is typically caused by genetic abnormalities that lead to aggressive T-cell responses to commensalism enteric bacteria. It may be activated by environmental factors as they break down the mucosal barriers and stimulate the immune response. The end result is the alteration in balance between beneficial and pathogenic enteric bacteria.
Diagnostics
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Blood tests will show if the pt. has anemia or an infection, which are signs of UC.
Stool studies will show if the stool contains WBC's or certain proteins which can indicate UC. It can also rule out other disorders such as infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
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Incidence/Prevalence
Incidence
Highest incidence in Northern Europe and North America; it is closely linked to a westernized environment and lifestyle.
Has an incidence of 9-20 cases per 100,000 people per year.
Most commonly seen in those 15-30 years of age, then 50-70 years of age.
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Slightly more cases of UC in men, however no significant gap.
There is an incidence for Caucasian people of 21.6 cases per 100,000 people, and for other ethnicities, there is an incidence of 13 cases per 100,000 people.
Prevalence
Has a prevalence of 156-291 cases per 100,000 people per year.