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6.3.5 Acid/Base Analysis Technique - Coggle Diagram
6.3.5 Acid/Base Analysis Technique
Industry
wine
comprise of
dilute, weak organic acids
2 areas
determine acidity of wine
fixed acid
malic acid
tartaric acid
volatile acid
acetic acid
formic acid
fermentation process
volatile acids formed
bacteria present
volatile aciditiy
amount of volatile acid
analyse volatile, organic acid content
concentration proportional
to susceptibility of wine being spoiled
bacteria convert alcohol to acetic acif
using steam distillation
volatile acid (distillate)
titrated against NaOH solution
determine C of volatile acid
3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator
remaining solution analysed
determine components of fixed acids
thin layer chromatography
higher acid concentration
sharper wine taste
alcohol content
determined using
liquid gas chromatography
hydrometry
different wine (known ethanol densities)
measured against boiling point
density calibration curve
boiling - y-axis
densities for range of wine
known ethanol densities (% mass)
determine
unknown ethanol concentration
added sulfur dioxide
used for
preservative
prevent growth bacteria + yeast
inhibit oxidation of wine
act as antioxidant
wine smelling fresh
react with
organic aldehyde + ketone acid
water in wine
from bisulfate, sufite, hydrogen ions
determine concentration
issues
stron, undesirable aroma
cause skin rashes
titration
NaOH added to wine
decompose bisulfite molecules
acidified with sulfuric acid
redox titration
iodine (titrant)
starch (indicator)
juice
manufacutre of orange juice
titration
determine acid content in juices
ascorbic acid in OJ
against strong base
determine concentration of ingredients
allow correct nutrition information
placed on product
pharmaceutical
drug development
final product in assessing stability of drug
quantification of impurities
content of drug in marketed product
techniques
acid/base titrations
salicylic + benzoic acid
chromatography
electrophoresis
spectroscopy
mining
metals, alloys, ores analysed
determine composition
wet analysis
dissolving ore
using particular acids/combination
depending on properties of ore
series of titrations
depending on metals present
analysis of % composition of ore
potentiometric
titration used determine
purity of gold, silver, palladium
no need for indicator
electric potential across solution measured
end point
detected through electrodes
measure voltage change
due to ions
as ions precipitate
voltage decreases
monitoring acid mine drainage
waste water from mine drainage
large amount of acidity
sulfuric acid
oxidation of pyrite
acid water neutralised
calcium oxide
before land reclaimed
acidity of waste water
determined by titration
against NaOH
ATSI Culture
selecting specific fruit/plants
titration
chemists determine
nature/concentration of substances
used by ATSI
use of clay/ochre
use
paints/pigments
medicine
applied directly to skin/ingested
current
dried clay material
detoxyfying agent
treat gastrointestinal illness
alkalinity
neutralisation of stomach acid
preserve food
colours of ochre
due to presence of iron oxide/hydroxide
yellow = hydrated iron hydroxide
red = anhydrous iron oxide
brown = partly hydrated iron oxide
white = little/no iron
treating stings
Queensland
hop-bush (
Dodonaea viscosa
)
chewed leaf and juice
put on stingray/stonefish stings
bound up 4-5 days
peanut tree (
Sterculia quadrifida
)
placed heat leaves
on site of stings/bites
WA
pig face (
Carpobrotus glaucescens
)
leaf juice
applied to stings (jellyfish)
plant goats foot (
Ipomea pes-caprae
)
treat stingray/stonefish stings
leaves of plant crushed + heated
analysis
shown presence of alkaloids
pain relief
possess anaesthetic properties
Nipan (
Capparis lasiantha
)
infusion of mashed plant in water
treat snakebite, insect bites, stings
white/grey mangrove (
Avicennia marina
)
relieve pain of stingray/stonefish stings
leaves/young shoots
chewed
applied directly to wound
Use of the soap tree (
Alphitonia excelsa
)
prepare lather
crushing + rubbing leaves
w/ water
used
rubbed on skin
cleanser
antiseptic (rashes + ringworm)
analysis of leaves
contain saponins (acidic)
one end molecule hydrophilic
other is hydrophobic
molecule acts as soap
wood, bark + leaves
contain organic acids, methyl salicylate
analgesic properties
other uses
upset stomach
young leaf tips chewed
sore eyes
leaves applied
reduce headaches
leaves applied across head
muscle aches
bark/root infusion
rubbed on body
toothache
bark/root infusion
gargled
Digital Probes/Instruments