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Planning, Organising, Leading, Controlling. - Coggle Diagram

- - - - desired outcomes
      - provides direction
      - multiple types such as financial (more likely to be explicitly stated by business) and environmental/social (more real goals)
    - - documents how goals are to be acomplished
      - provides a roadmap
      - types of plans can be strategic, long term, directional, single use
      - most plans are single use but can be restructured (adaptive models)
- - - - high specialisation
      - rigid departmentalisation
      - narrow span of control
      - high formalisation
      - is centralised
    - - cross functional & hierarchical teams
      - free flow of information
      - low formalisation
      - decentralised
- - - - leaders cannot be trained, and they are just born to be
    - - leadership is not only requires an understanding of traits & behaviours
      - but also requires the ability to "read" and "adapt" to situational circumstances
      - Contingency theories are a class of behavioral theory
      - The leader's ability to lead is contingent upon various situational factors, including the leader's preferred style, the capabilities and behaviors of followers and also various other situational factors.
    - - leadership is not only about the traits they born to have
      - but also need to focus on their behavior when handle the task & the conflict between people
      - a leader behavior is the best predictor of his leadership influences
- - - - How? combination of approaches (personal observation, statistical reports)
      - What? more critical to the control process than how we measure
      - control criteria: employee satisfaction, turnover, absenteeism ratees
    - - acceptable range of variation
    - - correct actual performance
      - immediate corrective versus basic corrective action
    - - goal may have been too high or low