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PAST TENSES, PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE:
.PRESENT PERFECT
-An…
PAST TENSES
PAST SIMPLE
USE:
- actions which happened at a specific time in the past
e.g: I was in italy last winter.
-past habits
e.g.: John played a guitar when he was a kid.
-past actions which happened one immediately after the other
e.g.: She woke up, got out of bed and made a cup of tea.
-past actions which wont take place again
e.g.: The Second World War finished in 1945.
FORM: -affirmative: regular verb + d/ed; irregular verbs ( list of Irregular verbs - negative: did + not/didint + infinitive -question: did + infinitive
SPELLING
-We add -d to verbs ending in -e e.g. I prepare - I prepared
-for verbs ending in consonant + (-y), we drop the -y and add (-ied)
e.g. try - tried
-for verbs ending in vowel + (-y), we add (-ed)
e.g. stay - stayed
-for verbs ending in one stressed vowel between consonants, we double the last consonant and add - ed
e.g. stop - stopped
TIME EXPRESSIONS: -yesterday, last week, kst nights, two years ago, in 1578
PAST CONTINUOUS
USE
-for an action which was in progress at a specific time in the past
e.g. I was eating dinner last night at 6 pm.
-a past action which was in progress when another action interrupted
e.g. I was watching TV when she called me.
-two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past
e.g. I was studying while he was watching TV
-to give background information in a story
e.g. When I walked into the office, several people were typing, some were talking on the phones and some were just doing nothing.
FORM
-affirmative: subject + was/were + main verb (-ing)
-negative: subject + was/were not + main verb (-ing)
-was/were + subject + main verb (-ing)
TIME EXPRESSIONS -while, when, as, all day, yesterday
PAST PERFECT
USE
-for an action which finished before another past action or before a stated time in the past
e.g. The football match had already finished when we arrived.
-for an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible at a later point in the past
e.g. Antonio was happy because he had scored a goal.
FORM
-affirmative: subject + had + P.P.
-negative: subject + had not + P.P.
question: had + subject + P.P.
TIME EXPRESSIONS: -already, never, just, by the time, until, before, after
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS
USE -to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past, before another action or stated time in the past
e.g. I had been waiting for 20 minutes before the bus came.
-for an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in th past
e.g. It had been raining all afternoon, so the ground was wet.
FORM affirmative: subject + had + been + main verb - ing
negative: subject + had not + been + main verb - ing
question: had + subject + been + main verb -ing
TIME EXPRESSIONS -for, since, before, how long, until
PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE:
.PRESENT PERFECT
-An action which happened at an unstated time in the past e.g. He played a guitar
-An action which started in the past and is still continuing in the present
e.g. Ana has lived in London for ten years.
PAST SIMPLE
-an action which happened at a stated time in the past
e.g. I went to the cinema last Friday.
-an action which started and finished in the past
e.g. They lived in London for ten years.
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