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20.2 Thomas Logan Dart Brody Lukes here too - Coggle Diagram
20.2
Thomas
Logan
Dart
Brody
Lukes here too
Radicals change France
In 1830 France's King Charles X tried to stage a return to absolute monarchy
Radicals participated in many revolts in 1848
The Third Republic
In 1848 after Louis-Philippe fell from popular favor after 18 years
A Paris mob overturned a monarchy and established a republic
The republican government began to fell apart almost immediately
The radicals split into two factions
Political Reform
Social + Economic Reform
How were the actions of the radicals contrary to their philosophy?
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Louis-Philippe
France Accepts A Strong Ruler
In December of 1848, Louis-Napoleon, the nephew to Napoleon Bonaparte won the presidential election
Four years later Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte took the title of Emperor Napoleon III
Majority of French voters accepted his actions without complaint. The were weary on instability, but they welcomed a strong ruler who would bring peace to France.
Was the election of Louis-Napoleon a victory for the radicals? Explain
As France’s emperor, Louis-Napoleon built railroads, encouraged industrialization, and promoted an ambitious program of public works.
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It was good for them because he was powerful ruler and also they got to elect him with voting.
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
Reform in Russia
Intro
In the 1800's, Russia still had to get into the modern, industrialized world. Under the feudal system, serfs were bound to nobles on whose land they worked.
Nobles had just about unlimited power over the serfs. In the 1820's, Russians believed that serfdom should be stopped. It was also preventing the Russian empire from advancing economically.
The czars were reluctant to free the serfs, because this would upset the nobles who were the main support of the czars.
Defeat Brings Change
Since they were unwilling to give up serfdom, the Russians were very weak and the world saw it. They threatened to take over part of the Ottoman Empire in the crimean war, and ended up losing because of a lack of supplies due to bad transportation and industrial production.
After the war, Nicholas' son Alexander II decided to move the country towards social and modernized change. He thought this would help Russia to compete with other western countries.
How did Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War push it toward political reform?
Their defeat was a lack of development, and they reformed to be able to compete with the west.
Leadership
War
Reform and Reaction
Alexander freed the serfs in 1861. This only went halfway, because only half of the land went to peasant communities. The other half was kept by the nobles.
The government paid nobles for their land, but peasants had 49 years to pay for the land they received. This meant they were still tied to the land, even though they were still legally free.
Reforms came to a halt when Alexander II was assassinated. Alexander III, his successor, tightened czar control on the country.
However, Alexander III encouraged more economic and industrial development. A big driver for this was nationalism, but this also stirred up other ethnic groups. During the 1800's, many of these groups were uniting into nations, building industries to survive among other nation-states.
Were the peasants better off after the serfs were freed? Explain
No they weren't. After they were freed, they were given less land than they were able to survive on, so there was more unrest.
Government systems
Conservatives, Liberals, and Radicals are fighting
Nationalism
A sentiment or sense of belonging or pride in your country
Nationalism arises from this fighting,
and blurs lines between beliefs
Nation States are when a
nation has its own government
The only ones in the 19th century were england France and Spain, but Nationalism changed that
The growth of the middle class, education, and democratic ideas formed this new movement. People wanted to rule themselves
How did nationalism blur the line between philosophies?
Nationalism was a more progressive theory, however it was more of an idea that nations should be independent, and that people should rule themselves. This blended the philosophies by making a common goal between all of them
Nation State
What goal did liberals in Germany and Austria have? In germany they wanted to get all german states and unite them into one Nation State, and in Austrian rule they wanted to split large kingdoms apart into self rule.
Link Title
Germany's many states in the early 1800's
Current use of nationalism in the United States.
Government Systems
Clash Of Philosiphies
In the first half of the 1800s, there were three main political ideologies that strived for power.
Conservative
Usually were wealthy property owners, who favored protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe
Prince Klemens, who shaped conservative control for 40 years
Liberal
these were middle class business owners, who wanted to be able to elect parliaments, but only the educated and land owners could vote.
More on 1800s Liberalism
Radical
Radicals wanted all people to be able to vote, they wanted liberty, equality and brotherhood, which were all ideologies of the French Revolution. Some even believed in anarchism.
Anarchism
: Anarchism is the belief that there should be no government, and that it causes more harm than help.
More on Anarchism
Change: With this philosophy, they wanted a change in what the government system was at the time. Resembling the ideology of the French Revolution.
To which school do U.S. political parties belong?
The political parties would almost completely align with the ideology of the radical philosophy. This is because, everyone has and opportunity to vote, although most do not believe in anarchism
How can people have such different philosophies?
People can develop such different philosophies because of their upbringings and what will benefit them the most. By supporting thing that give them more power, it starts to show in multiple people, creating an ideology.
