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FOUNDATIONS Cosimo Lunardi 3C Cat 30/03/2021 - Coggle Diagram
FOUNDATIONS
Cosimo Lunardi 3C Cat 30/03/2021
Foundation, Part of a structural system that supports and anchors the superstructure of a building and transmits its loads directly to the earth. To prevent damage from repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the bottom of the foundation must be below the frost line.
Footing
The foundations are an important part of building the foundation.
They are typically made of concrete with reinforcements that were laid in an excavated trench.
The purpose of the footings is to support the foundation and prevent settling.
Footings should always rest on undisturbed soil.
Since a building rests on the supporting ground, there must be some settlement planned. A foundation system properly designed and constructed should minimize regulation or make negligible. Whatever solution occurs should be the same in all parts of a building.
SUPPORTING SOIL
dry clays
dense sands and gravels
Rock
POOR SOIL
wet clays
organic
poor drainage
sandy
Foundation can be of two types
Shallow Foundation
A shallow foundation is a type of building foundation that transfers building loads to the earth very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation
Shallow Foundations can be
Raft foundation
Grade Beam
Mat foundation
Independent footing
Deep Foundation
A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a subsurface layer or a range of depths.
