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4TH FORM/ YEAR 9 BIOLOGY TOPICS, TOPIC 1: VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS -…
4TH FORM/ YEAR 9 BIOLOGY TOPICS
TOPIC 1: VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS
understand how living organisms share the basic characteristics
respiration
they can create chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.
development
they can permanently increase their size or dry mass by increasing the number or size of their cells.
response to their surroundings
they can detect or sense stimuli and respond to them.
movement
they can move and change their position
control of their internal conditions
reproduction
they can make more of the same kind of organism as themselves.
growth
they can permanently increase their size or dry mass by increasing the number or size of their cells.
excretion of waste
they can excrete toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and excess substances (note that excretion is not the same as egestion).
require nutrition
they can take in and absorb nutrients such as organic substances and mineral ions. These nutrients contain the raw materials or energy needed for growth and tissue repair.
For each group describe examples and their features (details of life cycle and
economic importance are not required)
plants
eukaryotic organism- its cell possess a nucleus
multicellular
cells contain
chloroplast
can carry out
photosynthesis
making their own food
autotrophic
store sugar as
starch
animals
eukaryotic organism- its cell possess a nucleus
multicellular
get their nutrition from feeding on other organisms
heterotrophic
store sugar as
glycerin
fungi
eukaryotic organism- its cell possess a nucleus
can be
multicellular
or
unicellular
cells contain
chloroplast
cell wall made of
chitin
made of a network of fibres called
mycelium
of
hyphae
feed by
saprophytic
nutrition using
extracellular
enzymes
proctoctists
eukaryotic organism- its cell possess a nucleus
a strange collection of simple organisms
single cellled
protozoa like amoeba or algae
bacteria
prokaryotic
organism
does not contain a nucleus in its cell
single celled
organism
spheres/rods/spiral shaped
cell wall made of
polysaccharides
viruses
eukaryotic organism- its cell possess a nucleus
are not living
are all
parasites
much
smaller
than bacteria cells
not made of cells
do not carry out any normal
characteristics
of living organisms
KEY WORDS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
EUKARYOTIC
PROKARYOTIC
PARASITES
SINGLE CELLED
MULTICELLULAR
GLYCERIN
STARCH
HETEROTROPHIC
AUTOTROPHIC
CHITIN
SAPROPHYTIC
EXTRACELLULAR
Describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups
plants
animals
fungi
bacteria
protoctists
virus
Understand the term ‘pathogen’ and know that pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses
viruses
example in animals
HIV potentially leading to AIDS
example in plants
Tobacco mosaic virus
bacteria
example in animals
Salmonella
example in plants
Agrobacterium
fungi
example in animals
Athlete's foot
example in plants
Rose black spot
plants
example in animals
example in plants
A pathogen is a
microorganism
that causes a
disease
. There are four main types of pathogen: virus, plants, bacteria, fungi
All types of pathogen have a simple life cycle. They infect a
host
, reproduce themselves or replicate if it is a virus, spread from their
host
and infect other
organisms
. They also all have structural
adaptations
that make them successful at completing their life cycles, which enable them to cause further disease.
Diseases caused by pathogens are called
communicable diseases
. This means they can be transferred from one person to another.