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Distribution of organisms - Coggle Diagram
Distribution of organisms
Scientists use
paired-statement keys
to make it easier to identify organisms that are sampled
Some biotic factors are:
Predation
Disease
Grazing
Food availability
Competition for resources
Abiotic
factors are
non-living
variables that can influence organisms
Some abiotic factors are:
Temperature
Soil pH
Light intensity
Soil moisture
Biotic
factors are
living
variables that can influence organisms
Equipment for measuring abiotic factors:
Thermometer or temperature probe
Soil pH and soil moisture meters
Light meter
Quadrats
are usually used to sample plants
Many quadrats should be placed, and
multiple results taken
Should be placed/thrown
randomly
Many limitations for using a quadrat, such as human judgement, so we must establish
a rule for counting
Pitfall traps
are used to sample small invertebrates
Cover trap, to protect from weather, and camouflage, from birds and other predators
Top of container should be level with surface
Large number of traps to increase reliability
An
indicator species
tells us about the levels of pollution in an area, by their presence or absence.
Air pollution indicator species:
Bushy lichens need really clean air
Leafy lichens can survive with small amount of air pollution
Crusty lichens can survive in polluted air
Water pollution indicator species:
Stonefly nymph - clean waters
Blood worm and water louse - moderately polluted waters
Sludgeworm and red-tailed maggot - high polluted waters