Topic 21: Migration in the past and present
Migration and modernity
Globalization
Migration in Latin American
Types of migration
Migration in the past
Mobility is a human’s characteristic. In many ways, the history has shown people's movement
from one place to another, even from one continent to another
With the discovery of agriculture, the human groups were becoming sedentary.
There are three important facts: Displacements in Asia, the conquest of North Africa and America, invasion of Northern Europeans
16th century: Europe conquest new territories in Americam Africa and Oceania, reached genocide
Violence: Around 10 million of people form Africa were violent displaced
Subjected to slavery by colonial system
Development: Industrialization is the displacements countryside to city, more than 50 million people from Europe migrated to America
Europe and the United States begin to be the main points of destination for the population from America, Africa, and Asia
To eliminate customs barriers and products
Migration: business sector and highly qualified professionals
Openness capital to circulated around the world (no restrictions)
At the end of 20th century: Migrations accelerated in the middle of the capitalist system crises.
Mobility: 3% of the world's population lives in another country
More than 14 million have requested refuge
More than 26 million are displaced
740 million people change permanently their residence
Several migrations from the first settlements to the present.
In the Aboriginal Era, the great empires caused important forced migrations.
The conquest of America was related to large migratory processes of people from Europe and Africa
Migration processes: Internal, intraregional and international
Pull and push factors
Pull factors:
Social: Plenty of food, available services, lots of doctors.
Economic: Job opportunities, better quality of life, good pay.
Political: Democracy, freedom.
Push factors:
Social: Poor services, lack of education, poor medical care.
Economic: Unemployment, poor pay, hazardous working conditions.
Political: Persecution, war.
Are the types: Definitive migration, temporary migration, and stationary migration
Places of destination: Internal migration, international migration, and cross-border migration
Legal piont of view: Regular migration (legal) and Irregular migration (ilegal)
