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Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: Equine Urinary Disease Pt.2 - Coggle Diagram
Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: Equine Urinary Disease Pt.2
cystitis
rare
usually affects mares
causes
secondary to trauma
foaling
breeding injury
secondary to neurologica dysfunction
iatrogenic
urinary cather
medications
neoplasia
blister beetle toxicosis
can lead to pyelonephritis
ascending infection
usual gram- bacteria
E. coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
occassional gram +
Streptococci
Staph
increased risk in foals
septicemia
hematogenous
infection of kidneys
indwelling urinary catheter
infection of bladder via infected ureter
recumbency
urine stasis
ascending infection
CS
signs of cystitis
weight loss
anorexia
depression
fever
on US
+/- enlarged kidneys
+/- enlarged ureter
dilated renal pelvis
altered appearance of renal parenchyma
CS
similar to other species
pollikuria
stranguria
+/- hematuria
+/- dribbling
not systemically ill
on rectal
usually unremarkable
+/- thicened bladder wall
+/- bladder stones
diagnostic
urinalysis
increased WBC and RBC counts
+/- increased protein
bacteriuria
positive urine culture
serum chemistry
normal with cystitis and unilateral pyelonephritis
in bilteral nephritis
may reflect renal failure
azotemia
e- abnormalities
CBC
in cystitis, likely normal
pyelonephritis will have evidence of acute or chronic inflammation
rectal
assess L kidney
bladder
ureters (if abnormal)
cystoscopy
endoscopic exam
rule out small bladder stones not detected on rectal
rule out bladder neoplasia