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Equine Skeleton - Coggle Diagram
Equine Skeleton
Structure of a Long Bone
Metaphysis
epiphyseal line - osteoblast form layers here
red bone marrow
Diphysis
compact bone
periosteum
nutrient artery
yellow bone marrow
endosteum / marrow cavity
medullary cavity
Metaphysis
epiphyseal line
red bone marrow
Distal Epiphysis
articular cartilage
Proximal Epiphysis
articular cartilage
spongy bone
Types of Bones
Short
as long as they are wide
provide stability and small movements within joints
absorb concussion
E.g. Carpal and Tarsals in knee and hock
Irregular
vary in shape and structure
complex shape helps protect internal organs
major mechanical support
E.g. Vertebrae protect spinal cord
Long
longer than they are wide
provide movement and support
act as levers
store minerals and bone marrow
located in limbs
E.g. Tibia, Femur, Metacarpal
Sesamoid
embedded within tendons
protect tendons from stress and wear
helps prevent over extension
E.g. Patella, Navicular
Flat
flattened shape
protect internal organs
provide large surface attachment for muscles
E.g. Scapular, bones in the skull
Equine Bones
Axial
mandible - bottom jaw
maxillar - top of head
cervical vertibrae - head to shoulder
thoracic vertibrae - shoulder to end of ribs
cumber vertibrae - end of ribs to pelvis
sacral vertibrae - behind pelvis
coccygeal vertibrae - end of spine
Appendicular
scapular
humerus
radius
ulna
carpus
accessory carpal
metacarple/cannon bone
first phalanx
second phalanx
distal phalanx
sesamoid
rib cage
pelvis
femur
patella
fibula
tibia
tarsus
splint
metacarple/cannon bone
sesamoid
Function:
protect vital organs
frame for the body
movement - joints between bones
movement - muscle attachment points
mineral store e.g. calcium, bone marrow
Joints
Synovial Fluid:
reduces friction by lubricating the joint
provides a gap between the articular cartilage
Structure Of Synovial Joint:
articular capsle
synovial membrane
articular cartilage
synovial fluid
Classifications of Joints
Cartilaginous:
connected by cartilage
include bones in rib cage and vertebrae
Synovial:
connected by fluid filled joint capsule that contains synovial fluid
most common joint type
E.g. Knee, Elbow, Tarsal
Fibrous:
connected by fibrous tissue
offer strength and stablilty over movement
include bones in the skull
Compact vs Spongy
Spongy Bone
known as cancellous bone or trabecular bone
highly vascularized
contains red bone marrow
located at the ends of the epiphyses
has hard compact bone surrounding it
Compact Bone
consists of closely packed osteons or haversian systems
osteon consists of central canal - Haversian Canal - surrounded by concentric rings of matrix
between rings of matrix, osteocytes are located in spaces - Lacunea
Canaliculi (small channels) provide passageways through the hard matrix
haversian systems are packed tightly together to form what appears to be a solid mass
Cells that contribute to bone tissue
Osteoclasts:
reabsorbs bone
breaks down damage / old bone
Osteocycte:
maintains bone tissue
cannot replicate due to no mitosis
Osteoblasts:
forms new bone
found in epiphyseal growth plate in bone
Osteogenic:
stem cells that are currently undifferentiated
develop into osteoblasts