Secession
South Carolina Secedes: Dec. 20, 1860
Fort Sumter: Background
Confederate officials began seizing federal buildings-mints, post offices, arsenals, and military posts.
Fort Sumter was a federal outpost in Charleston, SC.
Border states-slave states that don't secede from the union.
Fort Sumter: The Dilemma
Confederate forces asked for its surrender.
Lincoln has 2 choices:
Force way to reinforce fort
Evacuate Fort
Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies
Jefferson Davis 2 choices:
Do nothing
Attack
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.
Fort Sumter fell in 34 hours
The Official Start to the Civil-War
The Next Wave of Secession
Lincoln called for 75,000 troops
VA not willing to fight other Southern states, seceded.
WV created by counties who disagreed
NC, AK, and TN followed
MD, DE, KY, and MO did not secede, but many in these states had secessionist sentiments—BORDER STATES
The North's Strategy
"Anaconda" Plan
surround and divide the Confederacy & “squeeze” them with blockade and invasion
Northern Advantages
Larger population
North 22 million
south only 9 million
More Ships
Larger, efficient railroad system
Lincoln - very intelligent and dedicated-wants to learn everything
More industry - 81% of nation's factories
Better banking system to raise $ for the war
Cont.
Factory production
Iron production
Wealth produced:
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Northern Disadvantages
Fought mostly in the South
Divided support for the war-draft riots
Many believed the South had good chance of winning
Southern Advantages
Fighting a defensive war
Local support of all men
Familiarty with terrain
Motivation: seeking independece-second American Revolution
Short communication lines/friendly population
Experienced officer corps-(Lee, Jackson, Pickett
cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France
Slave Labor in the early part of the war
Southern Disadvantages
Smaller population
Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies
Poor transportation system
weak federal govt. = not strong enough to control southern states
Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln