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ARA 102 S21 - Islamic Science - 9:30 am Class - Group 4 (Scientists after…
ARA 102 S21 - Islamic Science - 9:30 am Class - Group 4 (Scientists after the Abbasid Era)
AL-TUSI, NASIR AL-DIN
Persian Muslim born in Tus, flourished and died in Baghdad
Regarded by Ibn Khaldun as the greatest of the later Persian scholars
He described the Milky Way as a concentration of stars, three centuries before Galileo
A polymath and prolific writer, with contributions, some of them quite revolutionary, in astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, philosophy, and Isma`ili theology
Came up with the very important “Tusi couple” geometric construction, which was later used by Ibn al-Shatir and Copernicus in their planetary theories.
IBN AL-SHATIR
Damascene Arab astronomer, mathematician, engineer, and inventor
Worked as the Muwaqqit of the Great Umayyad Mosque of Damascus
His geometric models of planetary orbits, particularly for the Moon (then considered a planet), Mercury, and Venus, are quite identical to those of Copernicus
He used the progress made by Tusi and the Maragha school of Astronomy to drastically reform the Ptolemaic models of the Sun, Moon, and planets.
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His criticism of Ptolemy’s model was empirical rather than the philosophical criticisms most other Muslim scientists had made.
ULUGH BEG
15th century ruler of the Timurid Empire
He was a Timurid ruler as well as an important
astronomer and mathematician
His greatest contribution perhaps
was building the Samarkand observatory
He also built he Zij Sultani, one of the greatest star catalogues of pre-modern times
Al Shirazi Qutb al din
Persian polymath and poet who made contributions in astronomy, mathematics, physics, medicine, philosophy, and other fields.
In astronomy, his most important work was Nehayat al-Idrak fi Dirayat al-Aflak (The Limit of Accomplishment Concerning Knowledge of the Heavens) and AlTuhfah al-Shahiya (The Royal Present)
Al-Farisi, Kamal al-Din Hasan ibn Ali
Mathematician and physicist who made important
contributions in numbers theory and in optics
His most important work was Tadhkirat
al-Ahbab fi Bayan al-Tahabb (Memorandum for Friends on the Proof of Amicability), where he introduced a major new approach based on factorization and combinatorial methods.
As a student of Al Shirazi, he studied Ibn al-Haytham’s Kitab al-Manazir so thoroughly that he was able to produce a revision of it, titled Tanqih al-Manazir
