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HABER PROCESS - Coggle Diagram
HABER PROCESS
Ammonia
Uses: to make nitrogen based fertilisers for farming
Produced by the Haber process
Equation
reversible reaction
Raw materials
Nitrogen & Hydrogen
Nitrogen can be extracted from the air
Hydrogen can be produced by reacting methane with steam
These purified elements are passed over an iron catalyst (450° degrees + 200 atmospheres pressure)
Causes some of the molecules to react, forming AMMONIA
Some of the ammonia breaks back down into nitrogen and hydrogen
To increase yield --> cool ammonia to turn it into liquid
Compromise temperature = relatively fast rate + relatively high yield of ammonia
Recycle unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen (after haber process) back onto the catalyst
How conditions for haber process are chosen to increase yield
Chantelier's Principle
if a system is at equilibrium and a change is made to any of the conditions, then the system responds to counteract the change
temperature and pressure can be adjusted to shift position of equilibrium towards right hand side (more ammonia)
cool temperature: exothermic
Negative aspect: makes reaction slow
High pressure
very expensive and dangerous so we have compromise pressure (200 atmos.)
Iron catalyst increases rate --> catalyst has no effect on position of equilibrium
High temperature = fast rate, lower yield, more energy required
Low temperature = slow rate, higher yield
because of this --> compromise temperature (450°)
