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Reported speech Hdez. García América Montserrat - Coggle Diagram
Reported speech
Hdez. García América Montserrat
USE:
is usually used to talk about the past
we normally change the tense of the words spoken
We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words
CHANGES:
in tenses
the tense in reported speech is one tense back in time from the tense in direct speech
EXAMPLE; She said, "I am tired." = She said that she was tired.
in time expressions
If there is an expression of time/place in the sentence, it may be changed, depending on the situation
EXAMPLE: Direct Speech → Peter: “I worked in the garden yesterday.”
Reported Speech → Peter said (that) he had worked in the garden the day before.
in pronouns:
RULE 2: First person pronoun in direct speech (i.e. I, we) is not changed if the pronoun (Subject) of reporting is also first person pronoun (i.e. I or we).
RULE 3: Second person pronoun in direct speech (i.e. you) is changed according to “object” of reporting verb.
RULE 1: First person pronoun in direct speech (i.e. I, we) is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb if pronoun in reporting verb is third person pronoun (i.e. he, she)
Main reporting verbs
verb + gerund
verb + object + preposition.
verb + object + infinitive. advise, encourage, invite, remind, warn
verb + preposition + gerund. ..
verb + infinitive. agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse, threaten.
verb + subject + verb.
Reporting questions
A reported question is when we tell someone what another person asked. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech.
EXAMPLE: direct speech: 'Do you like working in sales?' he asked.
indirect speech: He asked me if I liked working in sales.