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Tuberculosis (Research - Coggle Diagram
Tuberculosis (Research
What is Tuberculosis?
Caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Latent TB: inactive & asymptomatic, Active TB: infectious, symptomatic
Mainly attacks your lungs, but could also be spread to other organs/parts of body (e.g. liver, spine)
Spread through airborne microscopic droplets
Killed 1/3 of those who died in Britain during 1800 to 1850
In 2018 - 2019, 1.7 billion people were infected, 10 million people felt ill, 1.4 million people died from TB
Originated in East Africa 3 million years ago
How was and how is Tuberculosis treated?
Rifamycin-based, 3- or 4-month latent TB infection treatment regimens over 6- or 9-month isoniazid monotherapy for latent TB
4 Antibacterial medication for active TB: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
Multidrug resistant TB would require longer treatments
Before antibiotics were invented, people only had cod liver oil, vinegar massages, inhaling hemlock or turpentine, and the royal touch to treat TB
Streptomycin was discovered in 1943
What were the major outbreaks of Tuberculosis in the Industrial revolution and in modern society? What factors contributed to the outbreaks?
TB became epidemic in 18th to 19th century. It especially affected the lower class
Caused by overcrowded, poorly ventilated, and unsanitized living and working conditions, malnutrition/other diseases like HIV, limited healthcare.
If survivors of the initial infection was only partially successful in the resistance to reinfection because of sensitized T cells, the host would be infectious
No major outbreaks of TB in modern society. India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and South Africa make up for 2/3 of global cases
How is and how was Tuberculosis seen and prevented?
BCG vaccination - not used in some low incidence countries like the United States, but is given to high risk groups, infants, or children
People used to think that the first family member that died to TB would come back as a vampire to infect other family members, so they would perform rituals to stop him/her
Today, we understand that TB is an infectious disease which could be spread by airborne particles, and we prevent it from being further spread by tracing might've been in close contact with the patient or exposed to TB
TB could also be prevented through personal and environmental hygiene