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The Reproductive System Mark Alejo Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
The Reproductive System Mark Alejo Period 1
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Production of Gametes
Male
Production of semen
Production of sperm and other reproductive fluids
Female
Menses
Shedding of Uterine lining
Maturation of egg
•Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Organs
Scrotum
Sac surrounding the testes
3 degrees Celsius below body temperature
Penis
Male copulatory organ
made up of spongy and erectile tissue
erectile tissue fills with blood and enlarge during erection
Testes
Production of sperm from seminiferous tubules
Ducts
Ejaculatory duct
Vas Deferens and Seminal vesicle
Ductus (vas) Deferens
~45cm long
Vasectomy: cutting and ligating
Urethra
Delivers semen and urine out of the body
Epididymis
Smooth muscle in walls deliver sperm
Glands
Bulbo-urethral gland(Cowper's Gland)
produces thick clear mucus(Lubricant)
Neutralizes traces of acidic urine
Seminal gland
Produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid
contains fructose, citric acid, vesiculase, prostaglandins
70% volume of semen
Prostate
Produce milky, slightly acidic fluid
Makes up 1/3 of semen volume
•Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Organs
Ovaries
Mature eggs and produce sex hormones
Uterus
Endometrium thickens during Menstrual cycle
Tubes
Uterine tubes
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Location of fertilization
Vagina
Passageway and birth canal
Ligaments
Broad Ligament
Ovarian Ligament
Suspensory Ligament
Support the ovaries
Gentitalia
Clitoris
counterpart of penis
Mons Pubis
Vestibule
Labia
Minor posterior Major
Skin folds
•Hormones of the reproductive system
Male
Testosterone
regulates production of sperm
Female
Progesterone
Maintains early stages of pregnancy
Produced by Corpus Luteum
Thickens Endometrium in Secretory stage
Estrogen
Effects female sex characteristics
Thickens Endometrium in Proliferative stage
Both
FSH
Help male production of Testosterone
Triggers oocyte in ovaries to mature
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Produced by hypothalamus
Triggers pituitary gland to release FSH and LH
LH
Produced by pituitary gland
A spike triggers release of egg from follicle
•Events of the female hormonal cycles
Ovarian Cycle
Follicular cycle
GnRH makes pituitary gland release FSH which causes oocyte to mature with a follicle
Luteal Cycle
After release of egg the follicle becomes a corpus luteal which secretes progesterone
Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle
Proliferative period
Endometrium thickens due to estrogen release
Secretory period
Endometrium thickens due to progesterone release
Menstrual period
The first 5 days of Menstrual cycle
The endometrium sheds in menses
Ovulation period
The egg is released from the follicle during this period
•Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Syphilis
Asymptomatic for 2-3 weeks and lasts from 3-12 weeks
Treatment Penicillin
Genital Herpes
caused herpes simplex virus
Treatment Antiviral Drugs
Only 15% display signs of infection
Gonorrhea
In males symptoms can include urethritis, painful urination, and discharge of pus
In females symptoms can include abdominal discomfort, vaginal discharge, or abnormal uterine bleeding
Treatment Antibiotics
Cervical Cancer
Most common between 30-50 year olds
Affects 450,000 women each year
Breast cancer
13% of women will develop
70% of women with breast cancer show no known risk factors
Human Papilloma Virus(HPV)
Over 50% of adults are infected during their lifetime
Vaccination can guard most cancers linked to the virus