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Reproductive System Artemio Ornelas Per.2 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Artemio Ornelas Per.2
Male reproductive system functions
They produce, maintain and transport sperm and semen
They discharge sperm into the female reproductive tract.
They produce and secrete male sex hormones
Male sperm fertails the female eggs
Female reproductive system functions
produce eggs (ova) to be fertilised
provide the space and conditions to allow a baby to develop
secreting sex hormones
breastfeed a baby after birth
gestating a fetus if fertilization occurs
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Gonads= primary sex organ
Testes is the primary organ
sperm is the primary male gamete
Male= sperm and testosterone
Ductus system- delivery of male gamete (sperm) epidymis
Scrotum
The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It holds the testicles, as well as many nerves and blood vessels.
Epididymis
The epididymis is a long, tube that rests on the backside of each testicle. It carries and stores sperm cells that are created in the testes
Seminal vesicles
The seminal vesicles make a sugar-rich fluid that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ ability to move.
Vas deferens
The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Prostate gland
The prostate gland contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to nourish the sperm
Anatomy of Female reproductive structures
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the oocytes. The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle. Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can enter into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop
if implantation does not happen, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow
During menopause, the female reproductive system stops making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work. The menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop
The female reproductive anatomy includes both external and internal structures
Ovaries: primary female sex organ
Ovaries: the ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.
Vagina: the vagina is a canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal
Fallopian tubes: these are narrow tubes that are attached to the uterus and are the pathways for the ova to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization of an egg by a sperm normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus
There are about 6 million to 7 million eggs. At birth, there are approximately 1 million eggs and by the time of puberty, only about 300,000 remain, but only 300 to 400 will be ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime
Suspensary ligament : secures ovary to lateral walls of pelvis
Ovarian ligament: attach ovary to uterus
Broad ligament: encloses suspensor ligament
Male hormones of the reproductive system
The primary hormones involved in the functioning of the male reproductive system are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone
FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland. It’s located at the base of the brain and it’s responsible for many functions in your body
FSH is necessary for sperm production
LH stimulates the production of testosterone
Testosterone is also important in the development of male characteristics
Female hormones of the reproductive system
The two main female sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen plays a big role in reproductive and sexual development, including: puberty , menopause and puberty
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH): released by hypothalum in the brain to stimulate anterior pituaitary gland to release LH and FSH
FSH: stimulates the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follucle
ESTROGEN IS PRIMARY
Events of the female hormonal cycles
The four phases of the menstrual cycle are menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase
reproductive cycle: typical cycle runs 24-35 days , 28 days on the average
1.Ovarian cycle: occurs in the ovaries leading to maturation and ovulation of the mature oocyte
made up of follicular phase before ovulation and leuteal phase
uterine ( menstruation cycle): occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum
Ovarian cycle: Day 1-14 , Fsh cause follicular cells develop into primary follicle
Menstruation: Day 1-15 , bleeding last for 3-5 days
Ovulation: Day 14 , triggered by sudden spike increase in LH , Graafin follicle release the oocyte
proliferative phase: Day 6-14 , uterus is preparing for fertalized egg
secretory phase: Day 15-28, preparing for implantation, uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Endometriosis: a problem affecting a woman’s uterus. Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally lines the uterus grows somewhere else .This misplaced tissue can cause pain, infertility, and very heavy periods. The pain is usually in the abdomen, lower back, or pelvic areas
Uterine fibroids: the most common noncancerous tumors in women. Fibroids are made of muscle cells and other tissues that grow in and around the wall of the uterus, or womb
HIV/ AIDS; this is the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV affects specific cells of the immune system. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can’t fight off infection anymore
STD'S:
Syphilis: a sexually transmitted infection that can cause serious health problems if it is not treated. Syphilis is divided into primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages
chlamydia: a common STD that can infect both men and women. It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive system. This can make it impossible for her to get pregnant later on
Gonorrhea: a disease that can infect both men and women. It can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and throat. mostly common infection, among young people ages 15-24 years.