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Organic Chemistry Reactions - Coggle Diagram
Organic Chemistry Reactions
Alkanes
Combustion (alkanes as fuels)
Scenario 1 (complete combustion): alkane burns in the presence of excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
Scenario 2 (incomplete combustion): alkane burns to produce carbon monoxide and water
Scenario 3: when oxygen supply is extremely limited, carbon and water will be produced
Substitution reactions of alkanes (halogenation)
Conditions
UV light (breaks the covalent bond in a molecule)
Mechanism
Initiation
Propagation (use + produce free radicals)
Termination (removes free radicals from the mixture)
Alkenes
Addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation)
Conditions
Nickel catalyst
150 °C
To convert oils containing unsaturated hydrocarbon chains into more saturated compounds which have higher melting points
Addition of halogens
General details
Name and structure of the product indicates that a halogen atom attaches to each of the two carbon atoms of the double bond
happen quickly at room temperature
Accompanied by the loss of colour of the reacting halogen
Addition of halogen halides
React with alkenes to produce halogenoalkanes
Addition of water (hydration)
Conditions
Heat with steam
Concentrated H₂SO₄
Used in manufacturing of ethanol (important solvent)
Converts alkene into an alcohol