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TYPES OF 20TH CENTURY WARS (GABRIELA QUIROZ AND SASHA PUCH), image, image,…
TYPES OF 20TH CENTURY WARS
(GABRIELA QUIROZ AND SASHA PUCH)
GUERRILLA WARFARE
Definition:
Guerrilla warfare was a key feature of 20th‑century conflicts.
It is considered as unconventional warfare
small groups of fighters use tactics such as ambush and small-unit raids against a larger and less mobile formal army.
It can be seen more as a tactic employed in war.
Important information:
Formed a major component of revolutionary wars
This type of warfare became common after 1945
People on Asia and Africaused used guerrilla tactics as a way of attempting to achieve their goals.
Technological developments have enabled insurgents to become more formidable warriors , taking advantage of the global distribution of weapons
International coverage of the mass media provides publicity that guerrilla fighters need in order to win support for their cause.
Examples:
The forces of Chinese communist: used guerrilla tactics in the Chinese Civil War
Guerrilla warfare tactics were used in the Algerian War
Cuban revolution and War in Russia.
Vietnam War: Guerrilla warfare was of vital importance
Causes:
The development of the Cold War after 1945 also encouraged guerrilla warfare
The spread of Marxism influenced massively Guerrilla Warfare:
Masses must rise up against established capitalist governments supports the idea of guerrilla warfare
TOTAL WAR
Definition:
When a country uses all its human, economic, military, industrial, natural, material, educational and human resources to fight the war.
Their goal is to guarantee victory over the enemy.
A war in which combatants commit all of its resources to the war effort.
Characteristics:
Using all weapons available and developing new ones in order to guarantee victory.
The economy totally run by the government: all money designated to the war effort.
Civilians support in the war (Industry and home defence)
The media is controlled by the Government control of the media in order to maintain civilian morale and to create a negative vision towards the enemy (must be defeated at all costs).
Large fighting force: By using the military forces mandatory.
Examples:
WWI & WWII were total wars as all the resources were getting manufactured were committed to them
Across the globe, the entire population was expected to come up with the war effort
The war affected both soldier and civilians.
Civilian deaths caused by bombing in Germany between 1939 and 1945.
WARS BETWEEN STATES (LIMITED WAR)
Definition:
Limited war refers to the idea of limiting or restraining the way in which war is executed.
The restrictions involved:
Limiting the type of targets that can be strike
Limiting the weapons that can be used
Enclosing the geographical area in which battles or fighting takes place
Limiting the degree of expansion and mobilization
Important information:
Limited war was a characteristic of many wars of the 19th century
It showed the limited aims involved in a conflict
The fact that full mobilization of all resources was too risky for the countries involved.
After WW2, limited war became a necessity in order to prevent nuclear and powerful wars
Examples
:
USA and the USSR had to impose restrictions on themselves in order to prevent a nuclear warfare
The Korean War and the Vietnam War can be considered as ‘limited’ wars
as they didn’t involve the USA using of all its military and economic resources.
Extra information:
Some were limited to a small group of countries
sometimes just two participants.
Examples:
India and Pakistan did not turn into world wars, despite both sides having links with other powers
Iran and Iraq fought a very costly and demanding war but it remained limited as it didn´t develop as an international conflict.
CIVIL WARS
Definition:
Civil wars are conflicts fought between 2 factions or regions of the same country
The opposing sides tend to clash over ethnic, religious, political, or ideological issues.
Characteristics:
A civil war may have characteristics of total war an, but rather are fought until one side or the other wins
Example: Spanish Civil War fought between Republicans and Nationalists
During a civil war the combatants want to take control of the political and legal institutions of the state
There is foreign involvement
this could be viewed as broadening a civil war into an international conflict.
In a civil war, the distinction between soldier and civilian is often less clear.
Civilians suffered greatly, both during the war and in its aftermath
The result of war was prolonged dictatorship.
A civil war is more personal where people choose a size.
Causes of Civil Wars:
When people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected
When there are political divisions across the country
When the population have different ideologies
Social conflicts
Lack of a political system
Not a proper democracy
