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Acute angle-closure glaucoma - Coggle Diagram
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
definition
pathophysiology; raised intraocular pressure caused by insufficient aqueous humour drainage caused by obstructing the angle between cornea and iris
epidemiology; east asian, females x2-3 times
aetiology
tricyclic antidepressants
anti-histamines
risk factors :
females
hypermyetropia (short eye) means a narrower angle
east asian ethnicity
advancing age
signs
hard red eye
corneal oedema (dull and hazy cornea)
reduced visual acuity
fixed dilated pupil
symptoms
haloes + blurred vision
headaches
unilateral red eye , symptos
nausea
investigations
gonioscopy; special lens to visualise the angle between the cornea and iris
tonometry; measure IOP normal is 10-21mmhg
slit-lamp examination; optic disc cupping, optic disc pallor, shallow anterior chamber
management
analgesia + anti-emetics
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; e.g topical acetazolamide reduced aqueous humour formation
lie the patient flat helps relieve pressure off the angle
topical beta-blocker; timolol opthalmic 0.5% solution 1 drop twice daily - aqueous humour formation
complications
contralateral eye affected
irreversible visual loss