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Control and Communication - Coggle Diagram
Control and Communication
Hormones
are
chemical messengers
Building blocks of the nervous system are
neurons
Neurons are
specialised
to allow
rapid
communication
within the body by
transmitting electrical impulses
Structure of the brain:
Cerebellum
Found at the rear
Controls balance and coordination
Medulla
Found at top of spinal cord
Contains groups of neurons that transmit electrical impulses to the heart and lungs to control heart rate, breathing rate and peristalsis
Cerebrum
Conscious thoughts, reasoning, memory and emotion
Large folded area
A
reflex
is a
rapid automatic response to stimulus
. They are involuntary and do not have to involve the brain
The three types of neurons are:
Inter
neurons
Motor
neurons
Sensory
neurons
The central nervous system
(CNS)
is
composed
of
all
the
neurons
that make up the
brain and spinal cord
Functions of the CNS:
Process sensory information
. CNS
receives
electrical impulses
from the
sensory
neurons
To coordinate the body's response
. CNS
transmits electrical impulses
, along
motor
neurons, to
glands
and
muscles
Reflexes protect the body from further damage, by enabling a rapid reaction to stimuli
The circuit of neurons that act to produce the reflex action is called the
reflex arc
Order of neurons in a reflex arc:
sensory --> inter --> motor
Neurons are separated by narrow gaps called
synapses
When electrical impulses reach the end of the neurons, chemical are released
Chemicals diffuse across the synapse and trigger an electrical impulse
Hormones are released by
endocrine glands
They are
transported
in the blood plasma to target body tissues
where they bind to cells to produce a response
A
specific hormone
can only affect cells if they have a
receptor
for it
Concentration of glucose must be kept at a set point
If the blood glucose concentration
rises too high
then the water concentration of the blood will fall and
water
will
diffuse
out
of the cells by osmosis
If the blood glucose concentration
falls too much,
then
body cells
will
not receive as much glucose
, therefore will
not
be
able
to
release
as
much
energy
in respiration
Concentration of glucose in blood is
regulated
by the action of hormones
insulin
and
glycogen
Liver
cells can
take in glucose
molecules from the blood
using insulin
and
store
them in the
form glycogen
Glycogen can be broken down using glucagon and glucose