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Theories of Learning - Coggle Diagram
Theories of Learning
Behaviorism
Leaning is defined by the outward expression of new behaviors
Focuss solely on observable behaviors
A biological basis for learning
Classical & Operant Conditioning
Reflexes (Pavlov's Dogs)
Feedback/ Reinforcement ( Skinner's Pigeon Box)
Critiques of behaviorism
Does not account for processes taking place in the mind that cannot be observed
Advocates for passive student learning in a teacher-centric
one size fits all
knowledge itself is given and absolute
Programmed instruction & teacher-proofing
Social Learning Theory
Basis of movement against violance in media and video games
Learning takes place through observation and sensorial experiences
Imitations is the sincerest form of flattery
Learning from models (Albert Bandura)
Attend to pertinent class
Code for memory (store a visual image)
Retain in memory
Accurately reproduce the observed activity
Possess sufficient motivation to apply new learning
In Classroom
Opportunities to observe experts in action
Collaborative learning and group work
Modelling responses and expectations
Cognitivism
Grew in response to Behaviorism
Knowledge is stored cognitively as symbols
Learning is the process of connecting symbols in a meaningful & memorable way
Studies focused on the mental processes that facilitate symbols connection
In the Classroom
Inquiry- oriented projects
Opportunities for the testing of hypotheses
Curiosity encouraged
Staged scaffolding
Critiques of Cognitivism
Knowledge itself is given and absolute
Input-process-output model is mechanistic and deterministic
Does not account enough for individuality
Little emphasis on affective characteristics
Behaviorism in the classroom
Rewards and punishment
Responsibility for student learning rests squarely with the teacher
Lecture- based, highly structured
Humanist
Learning should be reinforced
All students are intrinsically motivated to self actualize or learn
Learning is dependent upon meeting a hierarchy of needs
Discovery Learning (Jerome Bruner)
Anybody can learn anything at any age, provided it is stated in terms they can understand
Powerful Concepts
Transfer to many different situations
Only possible through Discovery Learning
Confront the learner with problems and help them find solutions. Do not present sequenced materials
Meaningful Verbal Learning (David Ausubel)
New material is presented in a systematic way, and is connected to existing cognitive structures in a meaningful way
Learners have difficulty with new material, go back to the concrete anchors. Provide a Discovery approach, and they will learn.
Brain Based Learning
12 Governing Principles
Challenge and treat
Embedded learning sticks
Focused attention and peripheral perception
Emotions are critical
A search for meaning
Brain is a parallel processor
Whole body learning
Patterning
Processing of part and wholes
Conscious and unconscious process
Several types of memory
Every brain is unique
In Classroom
Regular environment changes
Opportunities for group learning
A multi-sensory enviroment
Opportunities for self -expression and making personal connections to content
Community -based learning
Multiple Intelligences
In Classroom
Authentic assessment
Self- directed learning
Student - centered classroom
Instruction via multiple medium
8 intelligences
Verbal-Linguistic
Visual-Spatial
Logical-Mathematical
Kinesthetic
Musical
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal