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Physiological Integrity: Compartment Syndrome - Coggle Diagram
Physiological Integrity: Compartment Syndrome
Pathophysiology:
Etiology: Trauma, tight casts/splints, venous obstruction, vascular injury, 3rd degree burns
Pressure in the facia compartment occurs from damage
This causes inflammation, bleeding, or a hematoma
Swelling occurs in the compartment causing the bone and fascia to prevent tissue expansion
Pressure increases in the tissues, nerves, and blood vessels
Microcirculation stops when the tissue pressure equal diastolic pressure, causing a decrease in muscle oxygenation due to interstitial pressure equaling MAP
Ischemia and necrosis begins in as little as 4 hours, and irreversible damage occurs within 12 hours
Risk Factors:
Fractures
Venous injury
Revascularization procedures
Anabolic steroid use
Signs and Symptoms:
Severe pain
Loss of motor funtion
Firm feeling of area
Difficulty moving extremity
poor skin color
Complications:
Paralysis of extremity
Rhabdomyolysis
Acute kidney injury
Diagnostic and Labs:
Intracompartmental pressures
CPK
Urine myoglobin
Collaborative treatment:
Reduce pressure (remove dressings and casts)
Limb placed at level of the heart
Fasciotomy
serial neurovascular checks to effected extremity