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coasts - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the dumping of sediment back against a cliff face. often causing crack to appear.
    - - the physical impact of water hitting the side of a cliff. often forcing air bubbles into exciting cracks and expanding them.
    - - the reaction between the cliff, which can be made of soft rock like chalk. and the acidity of the sea.
    - - the gradual reduction of rock particles by impact and abrasion. makes sediment smoother and rounder.
- - - - freeze thaw weathering is where water gets into cracks in a cliff face. then, in the night, the water freezes and expands. this opens the crack up and can break bits of rock away from the cliff.
  - - - acod rain is rain with a ph below 7. it can react with the rock on the cliff side especially if it is a weaker type of rock such as chalk or clay.
  - - - plant roots can cause damage to a coast as they can borrow deep into the ground pushing bits of rock apart from each other.
- - - - destructive beaches are often much less beach like and more often lead straight to cliffs. however this does mean they can have some unusual land features.
    - - constructive beaches often make good tourist attractions.
- - - - the holderness coast is made of clay. a very easily eroded rock. there are many actions taken by the local council to protect it.
        
        no action - managed retreat.
        
        this is a free option where less valuable land is sacrificed to the sea in hope of protecting other more important areas.
        
        groynes
        
        groynes are long lines of barriers that spread across the beach. they are aimed at stopping the process of longshore drift. by blocking the sands progress
        
        rock armour.
        
        also known as riprap, rock armour is made of large boulders that are layered up against the cliff edge. this takes the force out of the ave to reduce erosion.
        
        sea wall
        
        sea walls are specially designed walls that divert the seas energy back away off the coast. they are expensive and can be attractive. reducing tourist potential.
      - coastlines are eroded back through forming cracks which are expanded. then sediment erodes this dent into a wave cut platform at the base of the cliff. the cliff then falls in on itself.
- - - - Thousands of people were evacuated from Britain’s east coast of England. Victims of the most serious tidal surge in 60 years have been warned to avoid direct contact with floodwater and beware of rats moving into homes.
- - - - sedimentry rock is then buried under more pressure and heat as it falls closed towards the upper mantle of the earth. is therefore much stronger.
    - - bits of sedimentary rock found on the upper crust of the earth. compressed by little pressure as they are on top of most the crust
    - - pushd into the mantle and melts. can then come bacl to the surface through volcanic activity. the strongest type of rock. examples can include granite and marble.