Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Soil remediation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 95% of ingenious rocks
        
        Co, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Ni
      - 5% of sedimentary rocks
        
        Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, and Pb
    - - Heavy metals upon exist as carbonates, sulphides, oxides, salts
  - - - Metalliferous mining and smelting
        
        Cd, Pb, As, and Hg
    - - Waste disposal
        
        As, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Hg
    - - Agricultural and Industrial
        
        Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, and U
    - - As, Pb, Cr, Hg, Cd, and U
- - - - Surface capping
        
        The contaminated site is covered by a layer of waterproof material to form an unbreakable, protective surface.
        The surface cap acts as an impermeable barrier to surface water infiltration, preventing soil contaminants from spreading over to surface water and ground water.
      - Encapsulation
    - - Electrokinetics
      - Vitrification
    - - Soil flushing
      - Immobilization
    - - Phytoremediation
      - Bioremediation
  - - - Landfilling
      - Chemical
        
        Soil washing
        
        Solidification
        
        Thermal
        
        Vitrification