Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Nazi & Weimar Germany 🇩🇪 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Following their defeat of WWI, however, the fate of Germany was placed in the hands of Britain, France and America through the treaty of Versailles. 📜
        
        The treaty stated that the allies would only make peace if the old system of absolute power would be replaced by a new democratic system. Uprisings by the Navy subsequently forced the Kaiser to abdicate and flee the country before a republic could be established. 👑
        
        Following the establishment of the republic, Fredrich Ebert became the first chancellor of the Weimar Republic after the previous chancellor of the king handed over his power on 9th November 1918. 👨🏼‍🦱
        
        After removing the old parliament, on the 10th November 1918, Ebert named the new politicians that would form the Council of The People's Representatives - this was a temporary organisation that aimed to set up other parts or the government. 🧑🏻‍🤝‍🧑🏼
        
        This council then established the National Assembly which was responsible for the establishment of the Weimar Constitution. 🗒️
        
        Weimar Constitution 📝
        
        3 more items...
        
        Treaty Of Versailles 📜
        
        This was the treaty created by the allies that Germany had to sign in order to make peace. It was widely disliked in Germany due to the fact that it was extremely harsh on the people, decreased Germany's power and the German government had no say in its terms (it is often known as the Dictat -dictated piece- for this reason) 😠
        
        This was formally accepted by Ebert and his government on 11th November - leading to members of the government being called the November Criminals. 🚨
        
        It was a common conspiracy in Weimar Germany that Germany could have won the war had the armistice not been signed. People thought that by signing it, the politicians had 'stabbed Germany in the back' This idea was known as the Dolchstoss 🔪
        
        The French leader Georges Clemenceau wanted to take harsh revenge on Germany, bringing them to their knees so they couldn't threaten France again 🇫🇷
        
        David Lloyd George of Great Britain favoured keeping Germany economically stronger in order to continue trade with them and in order to make them pay for all the damage they caused 🇬🇧
        
        Woodrow Wilson of the USA wished to be even less harsh on Germany than the other two - he didn't even portion exclusive blame to Germany for starting the war. He wanted to begin a peacekeeping organisation to help prevent a relapse. 🇺🇸
        
        Terms of the treaty included:
        Leage of Nations - This was to be a peacekeeping organisation however Germany was barred from its membership
        Land Loss - Germany was to have some land confiscated (in total 15% of land was split between allies)
        Armed Forces - These were forcibly cut down significantly and limited to just 100,000 men and no airforce
        Money - Reparations of 6.6 billion were owed to the allies to pay for the damage
        Blame - Germany had to accept soul blame for the war 🐑
  - - - The Spartacist Uprising was an attempt by extremist communists to overthrow the Republic. It was perpetrated by the Spartacists in Berlin. 100 workers took to the streets and managed to take control of various services in the capital including newspaper printing facilities. 📰
        
        Controversially, the Weimar Government was unable to stop the uprising with its own small army so they called in help from a right-wing group of armed, ex-millitary soldiers. They executed the revolutionary lead ers but there was anger about the involvement of the right wing💂🏻
      - The Kapp Putsch took place in March 1920 and was an armed uprising by the far right organisation known as the Freikorps lead by Wolfgang Kapp. It, again took place in Berlin with the aim of taking over the government. 👒
        
        5000 Armed men stormed the capital, forcing the government. Stuck for what to do, the government encouraged a general strike on all services - shutting down the whole country and forcing out the Freikorps. 🎳
    - - As part of the treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay 6.6 billion in reparations. After raiding all of the countries gold and economic assets to meet the first payment, Germany were broke and unable to meet the next one. 💔
        
        Consequently, French troops decided to invade and seize the Ruhr as an alternative to payment. This was paradoxical to Germany as the Ruhr was the main industrial heartland in Germany and its main economic powerhouse. Thus, the German government called upon a general strike in the area - encouraging workers not to cooperate with the French at all. 🚫
        
        Due to the government's order to strike, they were obliged to pay the workers - which, with no earnings, was impossible. Thus, they had no choice but to simply print more money to pay the workers and pay off their debt. 💰
        
        Thus, there was a huge amount of money in circulation - making it virtually worthless. 💹
        
        This had many effects on the population in different ways. One such way is that those in the middle class - all of whose savings became worthless. 🏦
        
        The very rich were largely unaffected as they often kept their money overseas. 🌊
        
        Older people reliant on pensions lost all of their savings 🧓🏻
        
        People who had debt had them cleared almost instantly. 💷
        
        The paper notes that displayed the values of money were more valuable as paper than as money. Many people were using them as toys or burning them as fuel. 🔥