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Situation Ethics - Coggle Diagram
Situation Ethics
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Christian context
The Good Samaritan
Christians should view the commands in the light of love - sometimes you might break then in doing the loving thing
when a Christian acts they should follow the course of action that leads to the most love being shown
commandments aren't meant to be followed slavishly - there for benefit of humankind & Jesus has discretion over how they should be interpreted
1 Corinthians, 13:8-13
love never fails - but where there are prophecies they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled, [...] And now these three remain; Faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love
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Jesus
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Jesus commented on divorce law - said it had been given as result to 'sinful nature' that we have evolved past & shouldn't be told what to do now
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woman caught in adultery - prevent woman being stoned even though law allowed her to be - evidence of personalism
Social, political, cultural & religious influences
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society & church facing radical change - Vietnam war, assassination of Kennedy, MLK & civil rights, women's rights & independence after WWII & the sexual revolution
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church concerned it would lead to moral degradation - so J.A.T Robinson & Joseph Fletcher reassessed Christian ethics & proposed a 'new morality' based on Jesus' teachings
based on the teachings of Jesus - in the Bible he had many discussions with the Pharisees over the old morality vs new morality
examples;
Jesus & the Sabbath - confronted Pharisees over what it was intended for cause they though absolutely nothing could be done on it often to people detriment Jesus wanted people to follow in the spirit that God had given the law rather than to the letter
Jesus & divorce law - said that it had been given in response to 'sinful nature' but we were past that now & shouldn't need to be told what to do
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Love & justice
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love is self-giving & overrides all laws (may give permission to kill if its most loving thing) Justice follows from love
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there are no absolute laws other than Agape all other laws are secondary & can be broken for sake of Agape
6 Fundamental principles
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4) Love is not liking, it has no favourite
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Strengths of SE
its a strong theory - combines the positives of deontological thinking (overarching principle to follow) with consequentialist thinking - its simple, effective, pragmatic & practical
avoids justifying what we would consider immoral actions (Utilitarianism struggles with this) & its flexible - killing can be morally permissible in one case but not another
gives us moral responsibility & personal autonomy - we are in charge of our moral decisions, fits more with the individualism of contemporary society
consistent with NT message but also compatible with secular, more liberal thinking's about ethics - allows people to make decisions about issues not addressing in the Bible (e.g. birth control & genetic engineering)
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Situation ethics is;
consequentialist
moral judgements - whether something is right or wrong should be based on the outcome or the consequences of an action - does it bring the most loving outcome?
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relativistic
there are no universal moral rules & each situation has to be looked at independently because each situation is different
Personalism
Jesus' response to criticisms from the Pharisees is twofold in the story from the gospel of Mark where he lets the disciples pick & eat grain ion the Sabbath
1st he cites the precedent, King David's men breaking a religious rule due to hunger (eating consecrated bread)
2nd is more significant for these purposes - Jesus says "The Sabbath was made for mane not man for the Sabbath. So the Son of Man is Lord even on he Sabbath" - idea that people should come before rules
Case studies
Mrs Bergmeier - married German woman with 3 kid in a POW camp is told she can only be released if she is pregnant asks the guard to make her pregnant, her family welcome her & the baby home - but is it moral to do adultery
terminally ill man id offer treatment to live 3 more years but will leave his family with massive debt wen he dies - should he accept the treatment?