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COGNITIVISM, BRAIN-BASED LEARNING, List theory inform instruction, List…

- - - - i. Leads to Project Based, case base, product based and problem based
      - ii Web learning : 1) Webproject (student designed and unstructured)
        2) Webquest (Teacher designed and structured)
- - - - Advocates for passive student learning in a teacher-centric environment
      - One size fits all
      - Program instruction and teacher-proofing
      - Knowledge itself is given and absolute
    - - Responsibility for student learning rests squarely with the teacher
      - Rewards and punishments
      - Lecture-based, highly structured
    - - Skinner
        
        The response is made first, then reinforcement follow
        
        Conducting various experiments on animals which is experiment on rats (Skinner box)
      - Pavlov
        
        A stimulus is presented in order to get a response
        
        Example: conducted with his dogs
    - - A biological basic for learning
      - Focuses solely on observable behaviours
      - Learning is context-independent
  - - - Reinforced learning
      - every student have an instrinstic motivation naturally
      - Learning is dependent upon meeting a hierarchy of needs (physiological, psychological and intellectual)
      - hierarchy pyramid need of maslow
        
        (SELF FULFILLMENT NEEDS)
        -self actualisation
        To achieving one full potential
        
        (PSYCHOLOGY NEEDS)
        -esteem need
        -belongingness & love need
        
        (BASIC NEEDS)
        -safety needs
        -psychology needs
  - - - albert bandura 1973
        
        grew up of Cognitvsm
        
        basis of movement against violence in media and video games
        
        learning thriugh obervation and sensorial experiences
      - learning from models
        
        retain in memory
        
        accuretly reproduce the activities
        
        code of memory
        
        posses the optimum motivation to apply learning
        
        attent to pertinent clues
      - SLT in the clasroom
        
        modelling responses and expectations
        
        opportunities to observe in action
        
        collaborative learning and group work
      - critiques
        
        emotion and motivation not considered important
        
        doesnt take into account personally
        
        student learn as best passive receiver