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Lecture 3: Connective Tissue, CT = ECM + Cells - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)
        --> Sulphated
        Dermatan Sulphate - found in skin, tendons blood vessels & heart valves.
        Keratin Sulphate - found in bone, cartilage, cornea of eye.
        Chondroitin Sulphate - support & provide the adhesive features of cartilage, bone skin & blood vessels.
        --> Non-Sulphated
        Hyaluronic acid - traps water to make GS more 'jelly' like
        viscous slippery substance binds cells together, lubricates joints,
- - - - Blood
        
        contains plasma (liquid ECM) and formed elements (red cells, white cells, and platelets)
      - Cartilage
        
        Hyaline Cartilage
        (dense netwrok collagen & elastic fibres)
        
        relatively weak
        
        function --> flexibility & movement
        
        Elastic Cartilage
        
        Fibrous Cartilage
    - - Dense
        
        Dense Regular
        
        Dense (more fibres fewer cells)
        
        Location --> Tendons, Ligaments, aponeuroses
        
        regularly arranged collagen
        
        shiny white colour
        
        slow healing
        
        Dense Irregular
        
        Dense Elastic
      - Loose
        
        fibres create loose open networks
        
        Areolar CT (most common)
        
        Loose (many cells fewer fibres)
        
        3 types of fibres present - collagen, reticular & elastic)
        
        widely distributed around almost every structure
        
        Function --> strength, elasticity & support
        
        Adipose CT
        
        Loose (many cells fewer fibres)
        
        adipocytes dominant
        
        found with areolar CT
        
        white adipose (energy storage)
        
        brown adipose (heat production
        
        function --> insulation, energy source, temperature control
        
        Reticular CT
    - - Lymph
      - Bone
        
        Compact
        
        outer layer (forms the shaft of long bones)
        
        also known as cortical bone
        
        comprised of many rod-shaped units known as Osteons
        
        Function --> stores calcium & phosphorus, provides protection & support
        
        Spongy
        
        porous inner bone tissue - lies underneath compact bone
        
        also known as cancellous bone
        
        lacks osteons
        
        Function --> stores triglycerides (yellow marrow) & produces red blood cells (red marrow).
        
        Cell types in the bone:
        
        Osteogenic cells - mesenchymal stem cells that develop, start to lay down collagen; become trapped in osteoblasts
        
        osteoblasts - bone forming cells. Lay down more collagen, mineralization process starts
        
        osteocytes - mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts, trapped within the ECM. Maintain bone tissue. Involved in exchange of nutrients 7 waste. Have gap junctions
        
        Osteoclasts - large, mutinucleated cells formed from the fusion of blood monocytes - break down bone.
        
        Osteons (basic unit of compact bone)
        4 parts:
        
        Lamellae
        
        Lacunae
        
        canaliculi
        
        central (haversian) canal