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MOST COMMON CONDITIONS IN PHYSIOTHERAPY image, Presented by, Actividad…

- - - - Is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord
        
        :warning: Central Nervous System
        
        :warning: The immune system breaks down the protective covering of nerves
        
        :warning: Nerve damage
    - - Multiple sclerosis causes many different symptoms, such as
        
        :star: Sight loss
        
        :star:decreased coordination
        
        :star: Tremor: during precise movements, hands or limbs
      - At the muscular level
        
        :check: cramps, muscle weakness
        
        :check: Inability to change movement quickly
        
        :check: involuntary movements, stiff muscles
        
        :check: Muscle paralysis
        
        :red_cross: Overactive reflexes
        
        :red_cross: Muscle stiffness
    - - Is caused by damage to the myelin sheath
      - Nerve damage is caused by inflammation
        
        :no_entry: Inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system.
        
        :no_entry: usually occurs in the area of the brain, optic nerve, spinal cord
    - - :check: Stimulation of the nervous system to form new neural connections
      - :check: Functional Electrical Stimulation
        
        Using the FES
        
        Relaxation of muscle spasms :
        
        Maintain or increase range of motion
      - :check: stretching
  - - - :check: Damage to nerve cells in the brain causes a drop in dopamine levels
      - :check: It is a type of movement disorder
      - :check: nerve cells (neurons) do not make enough of a chemical
    - - :red_cross: destruction of neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia of the brain
      - :red_cross: Genetic factors, accelerated aging
      - :red_cross: Family background
    - - :star: Trembling in the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face
        
        :warning: It decreases when the patient is doing some activity or during sleep.
      - :star: Stiffness in the arms, legs, and trunk
        
        :warning: especially in precision movements such as button fastening
      - :star:Slow movement
      - :star: Balance and coordination problems
    - - :red_flag:: Cervical spine:
        
        :check: General mobility: flexion-extension, rotations, lateralizations.
        
        :check: Isometrics for flexor, extensor, rotator and lateralizer muscles.
        
        :check: Stretches of the muscles mentioned above.
        
        :check: Kabat diagonals.
        
        :check: Shoulder girdle relaxation: shoulder circumduction, shoulders up-down
      - :red_flag: Superior members:
        
        :check:Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, shoulder rotations
        
        :check: Flexion-extension, prono-supination of the forearm.
        
        :check: Flexo-extension, abd-add, wrist circumduction
        
        :check: Stretches: pecs, biceps, triceps, and forearm muscles.
  - - - :check: Congenital disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture
      - :check: Affects the motor cortex of the brain
        
        :warning: part of this organ that directs muscle movement
        
        :warning: Abnormal brain development
    - - :no_entry: Lesions or abnormalities of the brain.
      - :no_entry: parts of the brain are injured due to low oxygen (hypoxia)
      - :no_entry: Bleeding in the brain
      - :no_entry: brain infections (encephalitis, meningitis, herpes simplex infections)
      - :no_entry: Infections in the mother during pregnancy (rubella)
    - - :check: Spastic cerebral palsy
        
        :no_entry: It causes increased muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and difficulty with movements.
        
        :no_entry: It only affects one part of the body. In other cases, it can affect both the arms and the legs, the trunk and the face.
      - :check: Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
        
        :no_entry: Causes problems controlling movement of hands, arms, feet, and legs. This can make sitting and walking difficult.
      - :check: Ataxic cerebral palsy
        
        :no_entry: Causes balance and coordination problems
      - :check: Mixed cerebral palsy
    - - muscle training
        
        :star: Increased flexibility
        
        :star: Motor development and mobility
        
        :star: Increased strength
        
        :star: head and trunk control
        
        :star: swing and grip
      - Bobath method
        
        :check: Inhibits abnormal tone and movement patterns
        
        :check: Facilitates normal movement
        
        :check: Stimulates in cases of hypotonia or muscular inactivity
        
        :check: Inhibits pathological coordination patterns controlled by tonic activity (Tonic Reflexes)
  - - - :check: It is a hereditary disease that damages the nervous system
      - :check: It affects the spinal cord and the nerves that control the movements of the muscles of the arms and legs
    - - :star: Dificulty to walk
      - :star: Scoliosis (curvature of the spine to one side)
      - :star: Involuntary eye movements
      - :star: Muscular weakness
    - - :red_cross: caused by a defect or abnormality in a gene called frataxin
      - :red_cross: The gene causes the body to make too much of a part of the DNA called the trinucleotide repeat (GAA)
      - :red_cross: Autosomal recessive genetic disorder
        
        .
        :warning: A person has to inherit one copy of the defective gene from both parents to have the disease.
- - - - It is the swelling and tenderness of one or more of the joints
    - - Osteoarthritis
        
        Caused by
        
        Degeneration of parts of the joint such as cartilage, and worsens with age.
        
        The progressive wear and tear of the affected parts of the joint can cause an inflammatory reaction.
      - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
        
        What is it?
        
        Autoimmune disease in which the body's own defenses attack the normal lining of the joints.
        
        Provokes
        
        Inflammation
        
        This causes joint damage, especially cartilage.
    - - Pain
      - Rigidity
      - Swelling
      - Redness
      - Decrease in the amplitude of the movement
    - - Medicines
        
        Used to reduce inflammation and pain.
      - Therapy
        
        Physiotherapy and exercise can improve the range of movement and flexibility by improving bone and muscle strength.
        
        Massage therapy, water therapy or orthopedic appliances.
  - - - Inflammation of a tendon, the fibrous structure that unites the muscle with the bone.
      - It can affect any tendon of the body.
    - - Muscle overload
      - An injury
      - It can also occur due to the development of another pathology
      - Age
        
        With aging tendons are losing elasticity
    - - Shoulder
      - Heels
      - Elbows
      - Dolls
    - - Pain and tenderness in tendon mobilization
      - Intensification and increase of discomfort and pain with movement or carrying out any activity.
  - - - A disorder that can cause muscles to weaken and tire easily.
    - - The body's immune system damages muscle receptors
    - - Double vision
      - Weakness in the arms or legs
      - Difficulty in breathing, speaking, chewing or swallowing
    - - Medicines that help to
        
        Improve transmission between nerves and muscles and increase muscle strength.
        
        Improve muscle strength by eliminating the production of abnormal antibodies.
      - Plasmapheresis
        
        Consists of
        
        Removes abnormal antibodies from the blood and replaces them with normal cells.
      - Physiotherapy
        
        Developing new skills
  - - - Heterogeneous group of genetic diseases that cause degeneration and weakness of the skeletal muscle.
    - - Genetic defects
        
        This is due to
        
        Some muscle protein is defective or is not produced in the required amount.
    - - Muscle weakness.
      - Muscle atrophy.
      - Joint limitations.
      - Tendon retractions.
  - - - Decrease in bone mass density.
      - Bones become more porous, increasing the number and size of the cells inside them.
      - Bones are more fragile, less resistant to shocks and break more easily.
    - - Natural loss of bone mass.
      - Menopause
      - Alcoholismo
      - Drugs
        
        Glucorticoids
      - Inflammatory rheumatic diseases
      - Endocrine diseases
    - - Fractures
        
        But common
        
        The vertebral
        
        The hip ones
        
        Dolls
    - - Calcium-rich diets
      - Moderate daily exercise
      - :check: Antiresorptive treatment
        
        Prevents the loss of bone mass.
        
        Drugs such as
        
        Bisphosphonatos
        
        Selective estrogen receptor modulators
        
        Estrogens
      - :check: Osteoforming treatment
        
        It stimulates the formation of new bone and teriparatide is included in this group.
        
        Mixed action drugs
        
        Strontium ranelate.
- - - - Coronary artery obstruction
      - Arteriosclerosis
        
        causes
        
        high cholesterol
        
        High triglycerides
        
        Smoking
        
        Insulin resistance, obesity, or diabetes
        
        bruises
        
        symptoms
        
        chest pain or pressure
        
        weakness
        
        babbling
        
        loss of vision
        
        renal insufficiency.
      - Clot
      - Athero-thrombosis
      - arrhythmias and heart failure.
      - Contraction that narrows a coronary artery
      - Chronic heart disease
      - Risk factors such as hypertension
      - tobacco
    - - Severe pain and pressure in the chest
      - severe dizziness
      - sweat
      - unexplained tiredness
      - Arhythmia
      - difficulty breathing
      - nausea and vomiting
    - - Changes in lifestyle
      - Practice of physical exercise (adapted aerobic)
      - Counseling / stress management (psychological component)
      - Healthy diet
  - - - Abnormal tiredness / fatigue
      - Dry cough and wheezing (asthma or COPD)
      - orthopnea Swelling of the belly / ankles (edema) due to fluid retention.
      - Tachycardia at rest
      - confusion and dizziness
    - - cardiomyopathy
        
        valvular disease
        
        arrhythmias
        
        congenital heart abnormalities.
      - cardiovascular diseases
      - anti-inflammatory and b-lactam drugs (penicillins)
    - - Adapted physical activity program
      - Assistance and training
      - Modify risk factors
      - food and nutrition
      - use of prescribed medications
  - - - dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
      - One-sided numbness
      - Difficulty speaking and vision
      - Headache
      - Sudden confusion
    - - Ischemic
      - hemorrhagic
    - - Motor exercises
      - Mobility training
      - Restriction-induced therapy
      - Range of motion therapy
  - - - Ventricular tachycardia
      - Ventricular fibrillation
      - Premature ventricular contractions
      - Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
      - Atrial fibrillation
      - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
      - Atrial flutter
    - - A flutter in the chest
      - Chest pain
      - Short of breath
      - Anxiety
      - Dizziness or dizziness
      - sweating
      - Fainting (syncope)
    - - Heart attack
      - cardiomyopathy
      - coronary artery disease
      - hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
      - Diabetes
    - - Smoke
      - Excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption
      - Drugs abuse
      - Stress or anxiety
      - Certain medications and supplements
      - Genetics
    - - :<3: physical exercise
      - Pacemaker
      - Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
  - - - genetics
      - sex
      - age
      - drugs
      - habits
      - excessive alcohol consumption
      - obesity
    - - goes unnoticed
      - headache
    - - Prescription of the exercise
      - Suppress stress.
      - Reduce your caloric, fat and salt intake.
      - Restriction of tobacco, alcohol and coffee.
      - Pharmacological
        
        Diuretics
        
        B-blockers
        
        Vasodilators
- - - - obstruction of air flow to the lungs
    - - Changes in lifestyle
      - give up smoking
      - Medicines
        
        Bronchodilators
        
        Antibiotics if you have a bacterial or viral lung infection
      - Oxygen therapy
      - Pulmonary rehabilitation
      - An exercise program
      - Disease management training
      - Nutritional counseling
      - Psychological counseling
      - Surgery as a last resort
    - - Exposure to irritants
      - tobacco
      - air pollution chemical fumes or dusts
      - Genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
    - - Cough
      - mucus
      - Wheezing
      - Short of breath
      - Feeling of pressure in the chest
    - - Chronic bronchitis
      - Enphysema
  - - - The lung airways swell and narrow
    - - inhalers
      - oxygen therapy
      - bronchodilators
      - give up smoking
    - - Airborne allergens
      - Respiratory infections
      - Physical activity
      - Cold air
      - Air pollutants and irritants
    - - difficulty breathing
      - chest pain
      - cough
      - wheezing
  - - - Affects cells that produce mucosa, sweat, and gastric juices
      - Causes these fluids to become thick and sticky
      - This mucus builds up in the airways
    - - improve mucociliary clearance
      - increase the volume of secretions
      - preserve respiratory function
    - - defect (mutation) in a gene
    - - cough
      - repetitive lung infections
      - fatty stools.
      - inability to gain weight
  - - - infection that inflames the air sacs
        
        may fill with fluid or pus
    - - antibiotic
      - oxygen therapy
      - supply of intravenous fluids
      - oral rehydration therapy
    - - microbes
        
        bacteria
        
        virus
        
        mushrooms
    - - coughing up phlegm or pus
      - fever
      - chills and shortness of breath