Needed grammar concepts
Morphology
Verbs
Adverbs
Adjectives
Prepositions
Pronuns
Nouns
Parts of speech: as 10 classes de palavras
Outras: particles, articles, determiners, gerunds and interjections
Singular and plural
Countable and uncountable
Comparative and superlative
Determiners: go before adjective and nouns
possessives (my, your)
demonstratives (this, that)
Articles (a, an, the): para esclarecer se substantivo é geral ou específico em sua referência
quantifiers (some, any, few, much, several, enough)
Personal; possessive; reflexive; relative.
Auxiliary verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs
Tenses (time relations)
Can be simple, progressive or perfect
Present
Past
Future
Conditionals
-ing forms
Infinitives
Perfect infinitives
Past participles
Imperatives
Active verbs
Passive verbs
Adverb participles
Subject (sujeito)
Direct object
Indirect object
After be. seem and some other verbs, we can describe the subject with a noun or adjective complement
Sentence: from capital letter to a full stop
It may have more than one clause (oração)
Subordinate clauses are introduced by conjunctions
Main clauses do not need conjunctions
Affirmative verbs/sentences make statements
Interrogative verbs/sentences ask questions
Negative verbs/sentences are made with not
In indirect speech, we use subordinate clauses io report things that are said or thought, e.g. She said that I was wrong: I wondered if they were lost
Relative clauses are introduced bv relative pronouns, e.g. This is the switch which turns on the heating.
Tags are short auxiliary + pronoun expressions that are added to sentences, e.g. It's octting warmer, isn’t it?
Outros
Consonant and vowels
Contractions: contracted and uncontracted forms
Stress: pronouncing one part or one word more strongly than others
Intonation:musical movement of voice up and down
Expression: a group of words that belong together. Eg: out of work; on monday.
Formal and informal language
Emphatic; express something strongly
Se não tiver aqui: ver "language terminology" do 'Practical English Use', p.20 do pdf
'A' e 'an': artigos indefinidos. Usados em substantivos genéricos
'The': artigo definido, utilizado para especificações
Pode ser usado com substantivos no singular e no plural e com countable and uncountable nouns
Abstract nouns (ex: love, death, happiness), normalmente, não aceitam 'the' em inglês, exceto quando seguidos por uma frase ou oração definidora
Algumas exceções: nomes de alguns países, ruas, montanhas, continentes, etc