Needed grammar concepts

Morphology

Verbs

Adverbs

Adjectives

Prepositions

Pronuns

Nouns

Parts of speech: as 10 classes de palavras

Outras: particles, articles, determiners, gerunds and interjections

Singular and plural

Countable and uncountable

Comparative and superlative

Determiners: go before adjective and nouns

possessives (my, your)

demonstratives (this, that)

Articles (a, an, the): para esclarecer se substantivo é geral ou específico em sua referência

quantifiers (some, any, few, much, several, enough)

Personal; possessive; reflexive; relative.

Auxiliary verbs

Modal auxiliary verbs

Tenses (time relations)

Can be simple, progressive or perfect

Present

Past

Future

Conditionals

-ing forms

Infinitives

Perfect infinitives

Past participles

Imperatives

Active verbs

Passive verbs

Adverb participles

Subject (sujeito)

Direct object

Indirect object

After be. seem and some other verbs, we can describe the subject with a noun or adjective complement

Sentence: from capital letter to a full stop

It may have more than one clause (oração)

Subordinate clauses are introduced by conjunctions

Main clauses do not need conjunctions

Affirmative verbs/sentences make statements

Interrogative verbs/sentences ask questions

Negative verbs/sentences are made with not

In indirect speech, we use subordinate clauses io report things that are said or thought, e.g. She said that I was wrong: I wondered if they were lost

Relative clauses are introduced bv relative pronouns, e.g. This is the switch which turns on the heating.

Tags are short auxiliary + pronoun expressions that are added to sentences, e.g. It's octting warmer, isn’t it?

Outros

Consonant and vowels

Contractions: contracted and uncontracted forms

Stress: pronouncing one part or one word more strongly than others

Intonation:musical movement of voice up and down

Expression: a group of words that belong together. Eg: out of work; on monday.

Formal and informal language

Emphatic; express something strongly

Se não tiver aqui: ver "language terminology" do 'Practical English Use', p.20 do pdf

'A' e 'an': artigos indefinidos. Usados em substantivos genéricos

'The': artigo definido, utilizado para especificações

Pode ser usado com substantivos no singular e no plural e com countable and uncountable nouns

Abstract nouns (ex: love, death, happiness), normalmente, não aceitam 'the' em inglês, exceto quando seguidos por uma frase ou oração definidora

Algumas exceções: nomes de alguns países, ruas, montanhas, continentes, etc