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Memory- STM Evaluation and Experiments - Coggle Diagram
Memory- STM Evaluation and Experiments
Study: Sperling 1960
Procedure
A high, medium or low pitched tone indicated what row would be recalled
Participants were presented with a 3/4 letter grid and given 1/20th of a second to look at it
Findings/ conclusions
The sesory register has an unlimited capacity
Study: Miller 1956 and Jacobs 1887
Jacobs procedures
Serial digit span technique
Jacobs findings
Capacity of STM was between 5 and 9 items
Miller procedures
Reviewed the study with the serial digit span technique
Miller findings
Capacity of the STM was 7 + - 2
Peterson and Peterson 1959
Findings
After 18 seconds % who recalled trigram correctly was very low
The duration of STM is 18-30 seconds
Procedure
Participants were shown a trigram and asked to count backwards in threes
At certain intervals they were asked to stop counting and rehearse the trigram
Evaluation
Case study of HM
Case study of amnesiacs
Had his hippocampus removed and was unable to form new long term memories, his short term memory was unaffected
This was proved and measured by the serial digit span technique
Conclusion: HM shows that STM and LTM must be separate stores otherwise STM would have been damaged as well
Brain Scans - fMRI scans show that different areas of the brain are active when doing different types of memory tasks
STM= prefrontal cortex and LTM= hippocampus
Conclusion: Different areas of the activity provide physical evidence for separate stores.
There are different forms of rehearsal - Craig and Lockhart (1972) showed that depth of learning leads to LTM, not simple repetition
Conclusion: shows that repetition is not the only way to access LTM which the MSM doesn't consider
Flashbulb memories - recalled without rehearsal and the MSM does not account for this.
Conclusion: the MSM cannot be generalised.
Memory stores are not unitary: this is shown by the working memory model and evidence shows there are different types of LTM.
Conclusion: the model is oversimplified.