Roots

External structure of roots

Organization of root systems

Structure of individual root

Internal structure of roots

Root apical meristem

Zone of elongation

Zone of maturation/root hair zone

Other types of roots and root

Storage roots

Prop roots

Aerial roots of orchids

Contractile roots

Mycorrhizae

Root nodules & nitrogen fixation

Roots of strangler figs

Lateral roots

Radicle

Fibrous root system

adventitious roots

Roots must have an enormous absorptive surface in order for a single unbranched root to have sufficient surface area which makes it nearly impossible for roots to have good construction, but that's why there is a root system

Set of roots in which all roots are more or less the same size, none especially larger than any other root (none is a taproot)

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Lateral roots are produced when cells in the pericycle, the layer of cells surrounding the central vascular cylinder, begin to divide, form additional cell layers that push through the outer cell layers of the primary root, and ultimately organize a second root meristem.

a plant embryo that develops into the primary root

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roots that form from any nonroot tissue and are produced both during normal development,and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, and wounding.

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An individual root is fairly simple because it has no leaves or leaf scars it has neither leaf axils nor axillary buds.

Root cap

is a type of tissue at the tip of a plant root. It is also called calyptra. Root caps contain statocytes which are involved in gravity perception in plants

Regions-of-Root

zone of elongation is where the newly formed cells increase in length, thereby lengthening the root

Beginning at the first root hair is the zone of cell maturation where the root cells begin to differentiate into special cell types

is a small region at the tip of a root in which all cells are capable of repeated division and from which all primary root tissues are derived

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Mucigel

is a slimy substance that covers the root cap of the roots of plants. It is a highly hydrated polysaccharide, most likely a pectin, which is secreted from the outermost (epidermal) cells of the rootcap

Any of the modified roots that arise from the stem of certain plants and provide extra support. Such stems are usually tall and slender and the prop roots develop at successively higher levels as the stem elongates, as in the maize plant

these roots are modified for storage of food or water, such as carrots and beets. They include some taproots and tuberous roots. Structural roots: large roots that have undergone considerable secondary thickening and provide mechanical support to woody plants and trees.

is a thickened specialized root at the base of a corm, bulb, rosette or other organ which is designed to shrink vertically under conditions of seasonal drought that helps position this plant part at an appropriate level in the ground.

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Living attached to the branches of trees, these roots spread along the surface of the bark and often dangle freely in the air. These plants live in rainforests the orchids are actually adapted to drought conditions

The roots grow down to the forest floor where they take root and begin to take nutrients from the soil. Gradually the roots wrap around the host tree, widen, and slowly form a lattice-work that surrounds the host's trunk.

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Fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with roots usually of benefit to plants because they provide phosphorus

are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. Nitrogen fixation in the nodule is very oxygen sensitive.

Root Nodule Formation