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Transcription, Gene expression - Coggle Diagram

- - - - RNA polymerase will keep transcribing until it receives the signals to stop. This process is called termination, and it happens once the polymerase transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator.
        
        Three stages: Initiation, elongation and termination
      - Elongation is the next process after the RNA polymerase is in the right position at the promoter.
        
        Elongation is the stage when the RNA strand gets longer, thanks to the addition of new nucleotides.
- - - - Translation occurs inside Ribosome: The structure of the Ribosome is consisted of two subunits (large) (small).
        
        Each of the subunits is assembled in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell in which there are three binding for tRNA
        
        The binding sites are (A site) (P site) (E site)
        
        A site holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acids to be added onto the polypeptide chain
        
        P site holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain
        
        E site is for the tRNA that lost the amino acids to be discharged
        
        tRNA Anticodon: is a sequence of 3 nucleotides it is found at one end of a transfer RNA molecule. Their function is to base pair with the codon on a strand of mRNA during translation. This action ensures that the correct amino acid will be added to the growing polypeptide chain.
        
        Translation has also three stages: Initiation, Elongation and termination
        
        Initiation: Is when an mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit. The initiator tRNA is in the P site, a second tRNA is located in the A site. A peptide bond is formed between the amino acids in the P and A sites.
        
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- - - - Enhancers, silencers, promoter proximal elements
        
        Influence of environment in gene expression
        
        The environment of a cell or organism influence gene expression (epigenome)
        
        Epigenetics: is the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work or are expressed
        
        Epigenetic Tags: "Regulate gene expression by acting as gatekeepers, blocking or allowing access to a gene's 'on' switch."
        
        Example of the influence the environment has in gene expression: If a pregnant woman eats bad foods it can be transmitted as chemical signals through her blood stream onto the fetus. These signals can be passed to the epigenetic marks that will affect the fetus's genes and long term health.
        
        DNA Methylation, DNA acetylation, DNA phosphorylation