Communication
Models of communication
Definition
Frank Dance
1970
in the Journal of communication
communication is one of the most overworked terms
in the English language
Basic
word communication
comes from communicare,
which means to share, to make something common
in Latin
my plain language basic working
is the process by which people transmit information, share verbal and nonverbal messages, and create meaning with each other.
a foundational model of communication
in 1948
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
communication happens when an information source, a sender has a message and transmits that message in the form of a signal through a channel
the transactional
model of communication
1962
Dean Barnlund
Communication was dynamic, continuous and circular. In other words, communication between people is an ongoing,
back and forth simultaneous exchange. We are senders and receivers at the same time. And the point is, we exchanged messages because we want to share meaning with other people
Barnlund's model includes both verbal and nonverbal cues and feedback, and importantly to Barnlund, meaning existed within the person, not the words.
according to Shannon and Weaver's model,
meaning exists in the words
the receiver interprets
or decodes what those words mean for him or herself.
constitutive approach
1999
Robert Craig
communication constitutes
our social reality.
communication is the primary constitutive social process that explains all these other factors
When we communicate with each other, according to this view in our conversations, we are generating those ideas together, we create meaning through our interactions with others over time, we create our social world together that we could have not created on our own.