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Etiologies of Disorders - Coggle Diagram
Etiologies of Disorders
Biological Studies
Capsi et al. (2003)
The method was a correlational study. The sample included 847 participants from New Zealand. The participants were divided into two groups, one with the shorter allele/variant of the serotonin transporter gene and the other without. Participants then completed an inventory of stressful life events over the past 5 years (relationships, employment, health, etc.) in a questionnaire. Incidence of depression in each participant was assessed through a structured interview.
The results indicated there was no statistically significant relationship between the serotonin transporter gene and depressive episodes when life stress was lower; however, the number of depressive episodes was much higher in participants with the short 5-HTT variant when the number of stressful life events was higher.
To investigate the relationships between depression, genetic predispositions and environmental stressors.
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Sociocultural Studies
Brown (2014)
The loss of another person with whom one identifies may jeopardize self-worth in some way, and leave the individual without social sources of self-worth
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Cognitive Studies
Drysdale et al. (2017)
The researchers observed what they called a 'common neurological core' underlying all subtypes of depression, with almost all patients reporting depressed mood, loss of pleasure and lack of energy as symptoms. The four connectivity clusters were then framed as 'biotypes' on the basis of biomarkers indicating connectivity in the neural networks connecting various brain structures. Their work suggested not only a potential cause of depression, but also that the subtypes of depression might need reframing to reflect the biological substrates or correlates.
This was (yet another) correlational study using fMRI technology with a sample size of 1188 from multiple research sites in the USA and Canada. The researchers examined resting-state MRIs and blood oxygen signals across 258 network nodes spanning the brain, using artificial intelligence to conduct the analyses. They first correlated patterns of connectivity (neural networks in the frontal lobes and limbic system particularly) with symptoms of depression (anhedonia and psychomotor difficulties, anxiety and insomnia).
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