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ADHD, Clinical Science, fewer dopamine receptors - Coggle Diagram
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Clinical Science
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Classifications
- Predominantly hyperactive
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Pathogenesis
- to smaller brain volumes of specific structures (5-10% reduction)
- deficits in a widespread functional networks for selective and tonic attention in ADHD
- Disturbances in the dopamine system
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Diagnosis
DSM V
- Hyperactivity & impulsivity
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- On the go as if driven by a motor
- Unable to play / engage in leisure activities quietly
- Blurts out answer before question has been completed
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- Has difficulty waiting his/her turn
- Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
- Interrupts / intrudes on others
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- Doesn’t follow through instruction
- Difficulty in organizing tasks and activities
- Doesn’t seem to listen when spoken to directly
- Avoids, dislikes, reluctant to engage in tasks
- Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks
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- Fails to give close attention to details
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- Forgetful in daily activities
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Definition
neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
Prognosis
From 60-80% of children with ADHD continue to experience symptoms in adolescence, and up to 60% of adolescents exhibit ADHD symptoms into adulthood.can become more prominent with age
Phatophysiolgy
ADHD is associated with cognitive and functional deficits that relate to diffuse abnormalities in the brain. The anterior cingulate gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) are found to be small in individuals who are suffering from ADHD. It is thought that these changes account for the deficits in goal-directed behavior. Moreover, activity in the frontostriatal region is also reduced
Neurotransmitter, Depressed activity of dopamine
Brain Structure, smaller size on specific structure such as Caudate nucleus, prefrontal cortex, Corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis
Cognitive Function, neurophysiological deficits and abnormalities in cognitive function
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