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Audio-Lingual Model, Lexical Density, Nominalization, Derived Topic,…
Audio-Lingual Model
Definition: Teaching style where students develop language habits through memorization and repetition of dialogues and completing drills and exercises.
Characteristics: Based on behaviorist theories, not explicit instruction
Examples: back up build up wall (students repeat after the teacher) 
Non-Examples: Direct method, grammar translation method
Lexical Density
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Non-Examples: spoken language with less ratio of content words, writing in novels or human conversation
Characteristics: Denser than spoken words. Content words- nouns, verbs, adjectives, and some adverbs
Examples: Technical and scientific writing, business writing
Nominalization
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Examples: In a passage of planarians, reproduction and fertilization are nouns yet normally conveyed by verbs or adjectives.
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Derived Topic
Definition: One way writers can create a cohesive paragraph where the topic is a derivation or example of the topic in the first sentence.
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Examples: If the topic of the first sentence is "emergent bilinguals" a derived topic might be a type of emergent bilingual.
Non-Examples: Identical topics, or unrelated to the topic.
Chained Topic
Definitions: Pattern where the topic of one sentence links to the comment from the preceding sentence.
Characteristics: Writers present a series of related ideas, the comment becomes the topic of the second sentence.
Examples: "Struggling readers can become engaged readers with the right instruction. Engaged readers enjoy reading a variety of books"
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