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The Inca Empire, image - Coggle Diagram
The Inca Empire
The Fall
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Source 2 Many of the population had been destroyed by the civil war and diseases brought over from the conquistadors.
Source 2 By 1572, the Spaniards had destroyed all the remaining resistance along with much of the Incas physical and cultural legacy. Thus the great Inca Empire fell faster than it had risen.
Source 3 The Spanish began the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532 and its last stronghold was conquered in 1572.
Source 11 Around 1530, the emperor Huayna Capac had recently subdued much of what is now Ecuador. Reports had begun to come in saying that strange men had traded with the city of Tumbez.
Source 11 Alongside these reports were others. Chasquis runners arrived daily informing the Sapa Inca that a disease had appeared in the north and was killing thousands.
Source 11 Nothing like it had ever been seen before plaques were unknown to the Inca so this strange sickness known to use as smallpox ravaged the population.
Source 11 Sometimes around 1527, the Sapa Inca Huyayna Capac and his heir died from smallpox along millions of their subjects.
Source 12 Ecuador evolved from a land of isolated indigenous groups into the mighty Inca civilization, which was conquered in 1532 by the Spanish and consequently liberated from their colonial rule by Simon Bolivar in 1822.
Source 11 Afterward the sons of Huyayna Capac tried to claim the throne and tossed the empire into chaos.
Source 12 Atahualpa who possessed much less territory than Huascar, controlled his dead fathers veteran regions and slowly pushed down from Quito towards Cuzco.
Source 12 During the final bloody climax of war in 1532 Huscar's remaining armies were smashed outside of Cuzco and he was captured by Atahualpa's generals.
Source 12 In Cajamarca, Atahualpa planned his eventual coronation as the supreme ruled of the Inca world. He was eager to get word from his generals and set off his victory march towards his new capital.
Source 12 Atahualpa was curious and rather than have these men killed he decided to see them and their strange llamas himself.
Source 12 However, the ruler needed to deal with one small detail. Reports were coming in from his chiefs that a small band of 168 foreigners, some of whom were riding giant llamas. Were causing chaos on the coast and it appeared they were now marching straight for Cajamarca.
Source 12 He had agreed to meet the Spaniards in the central plaza of Cajamarca. So on Saturday, November 16, 1532, Atahualpa entered the square at Cajamarca followed by 6,000 of his barely armed men.
Source 12 Pedro Pizaro and his men had planned to capture the emperor. Pizarro had hidden his men in the buildings surrounding the square and stationed the artillery and arquebuses on the far side of the square ready to fire.
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Source 12 Two men approached Atahulapa. One of them Vincente de Valverde, a Dominican friar, and inexperienced native translator read the Requerimento, a document about informing the Inca people of Spain's divine right to conquer these lands in the name of God.
Source 12 Valverde then approached Atahualpa and offered him a bible. The emperor was fed up with the disrespect they had shown and scolded Valverde and the Spanish for stealing from warehouses and killing Inca chiefs and proceeded to toss the Bible aside.
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Source 12 Afterward, cannons and arquebuses soon fired directly into the mass of warriors. The Incas panicked and tried to retreat out of the square.
Source 12 Atahualpa was then taken as prisoner. He concluded that they were pirates and saw there excitement they had from seeing gold. He thought if he could give them enough cold then they would return to their ships and be gone.
Source 12 The Inca emporer told Pizarro that in exchange for his life and freedom he would fill the room they were in with gold and twice over with silver.
Source 12 He delivered on his promise and for months the greatest treasures and artifacts of the Inca empire poured into Cajamarca.
Source 12 All of the gold was melted down into ingots, which is why gold or silver Inca artifacts are so rare today.
Source 12 In the end, the gold totaled 1.3 million pesos de oro or around 400 million US dollars
Source 12 Afterward, more Spanish troups came. Diego de Almagro, Pizzaro's business partner arrived with an extra 153 men.
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Source 12 After, the Inca fulfilled their promise, it become obvious to Pizarro and his men that Atahualpa had outlived his usefulness and was now only a liability. If he were rescued they would not be able to defeat the resistance he would organize.
Source 12 On July 26, 1533, Atahualpa was brought into the main square of Cajamarca and was tied to a wooden stake. Valverde then came to him and offered a baptism. If he rejected he would be burned alive. If his body was not perfectly preserved then he would not pass on correctly to the afterlife. He accepted and was quickly baptized. Still, he was then strangled to death as a Christian.
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About
Basic Facts
Source 1 The empire stretched from Quito, Ecuador to Santiago, Chile.
Source 1 The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America with a population of nearly 10 million.
Source 1 The empire lasted from 1438 to 1533, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods.
Source 2 The Inca Empire consisted of four quarters or suyu: the Chinchay Suyu (northwest), Antisuyu (northeast), Kuntisuyu (southwest), and Qullasuyu (southeast). The four corners of these quarters met at the center, Cusco.
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Source 3 The Inca emperors were known by different titles, including, Sapa Inca ('Unique Inca'), Capac Apu, and Intip Cori.
Source 3 The traditional list of Inca rulers includes eighteen emperors, all of which were descended from the original Inca tribe.
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Source 3 Incan masonry used bronze, stone, and copper tools to cut rock at its natural fracture line. The rocks were sculpted to fit together very closely.
Source 3 With the Incas impressive engineering Incan buildings and monuments had an incredible seismic resistance which kept them stable during earthquake.
Source 3 Many Incan structures have lasted centuries to present day, which is especially remarkable given that they had no mortar.
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Source 5 It was built without the use of wheels, hundreds of men pushed the heavy rocks up the steep mountainside.
Source 5 Structures at Machu Picchu were built with a technique called “ldquo ashlar.” Stones are cut to fit together without mortar.
Source 6 The most well known central and south american empires were the Maya, Inca, and Aztec.
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Source 10 Mayan civilization occupied much of the northwestern part of the isthmus of Central America, from Chiapas and Yucatán, now part of southern Mexico, through Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and El Salvador and into Nicaragua.
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