Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Alternative Scenario 1, World shape by by government policies and, in…

- - - - Innovation in China has led to the reduction of renewable electricity cost
      - Energy innovations specifically in North America, Europe and India has result in the emergence of Power-to-X market
        
        Power-To-X - The concept refers to the production of synthetic fuels using renewable energy sources
    - - Digital technology having the impact on the world as it reduce the gap of connectivity between the sellers and buyers
      - Predictive systems optimizing the oil and gas industry
      - Opening up new and diverse value-growth opportunities by the mid-2020s
    - - Most of the economy powerhouse has opted to distance themselves from oil and gas as there are many factors is currently not favouring the industry
      - India, South Africa, Indonesia and other large coal user chose to turn to a more diversified low-cost fossil fuels, nuclear and clean energy exporters to supply their urban energy demand growth and their industrial operation.
    - - Consumers preferring individually tailored packages of sustainable services
      - Innovation happens rapidly on the demand side of the deal
        
        Consumers become producers - exporting electricity produced from their solar panels back to the grid.
    - - The decline of oil and gas and the rapid emergence of large-scale PV solar has started intense competition for new energy export markets
      - Absence of regulation for innovative digital businesses has led to big companies monopolizing the whole industry.
  - - - citizens throughout the world become more and more dissatisfied with their traditional
        political classes and increasing bureaucracy
      - There is a shift in energy policy priorities away from addressing environmental concerns towards
        security
      - Nations are much more concerned with jobs, health and local environmental stresses than with global
        issues
    - - China aims to forge a different way but is impeded by global developments
      - Internally, the state controls all energy and digital networks, reducing its reliance on energy imports as it
        focuses on security over economic growth
      - BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
        
        introduced in 2013
        
        strategic objective is to reduce its dependence on coal
        
        BRI includes 1/3 of
        world trade and GDP and over 60% of the world’s population.
    - - Two strands dominate policy making:
        1.geopolitically minded energy resource exploitation
        2.domestic energy efficiency improvement
      - Global energy companies find themselves continuously constrained by regional and national politics
    - - the decarbonisation agenda is stalled, partly because of a pervasive politics of “quick fixes” with limited availability of
        investment for energy transformation.
        
        Populist leaders characterise decarbonisation efforts as too expensive and naïve
        
        Every country looks out for its own cost
        advantage and security of supply.
        
        alternatives to conventional energy systems become
        less reliable and more expensive
  - - - Balancing between carbon policies with energy security, availability and cost
      - Systemic vulnerabilties
      - Challenge allocating the cost of whole energy system transition in a socially acceptable way
      - Climate change associated with environmental and social disruption
    - - Tripod initiatives
        
        Public-private investment in clean energy and storage technologies
        
        Bolder leadership in infrastructure innovation and integration
        
        Collective attempt to develop and commercialize negative-emissions technologies
    - - Focusing on cross sector synergies and promote policy coherence to overcome siloed agendas of jobs, environment and cyber security
        
        :star: Carbon Pricing control
        
        :star: New tax and incentives to encourage affordable and clean energy
        
        :star: Policies for expansion use of hydrogen
    - - Trasition is steafy and wide ranging but slow and expensive
      - Net cost for citizen increase, despite of effort by government to avoid negative net-cost burden
      - Multilateral policies and cooperation effort, but cannot achieve 2 degree C Paris target
      - More mitigation and adaption needed as climate change are expected to be felt more strongly over the coming decades.
      - World come closer together but the symphony is unfinished
- - - - 🙌 Keeping energy reliable and affordable also requires investment while shifting is important
        🙌Natural gas, bioenergy, renewables, nuclear, CCS.
        🙌Options are currently more limited for the industrial and commercial transportation sectors at commercial scale - hard to decarbonize
        🙌New technology solutions (advanced biofuels, hydrogen and novel batteries) will be required.
    - - Ways to help speed the application
        
        :check:Open and informed discussion able to clarify the potential and relative value of available options.
        
        :check:Policy frameworks also promote better transparency on cost and benefits of options and rely on market-based solutions are needed.
      - Economy-wide price on carbon
        
        :money_with_wings:Based on a tax, trading mechanisms or other market-based measures
        
        :money_with_wings:IEA note that "higher prices stimulate consumers to reconsider their energy consumption". Moreover, the regulation through mandatory standards may not an effective approach.
    - - 🙌 Use better equipment (e.g., light bulbs, vehicles, appliances) to improved building designs.
        🙌 Use better manufacturing techniques in industrial applications.
    - - :check:Advancing technology for cost-effective solutions will be critical as to keep the energy reliable and affordable for a growing population.
      - :red_flag:Technology breakthrough opportunities
        
        Lower-carbon industrial processes: carbon capture, hydrogen, process intensification
        
        Advanced, less carbon-intensive materials for efficient buildings and infrastructure
        
        Lower-carbon commercial transport: algae & cellulosic biofuels, fuel cells, batteries
        
        Negative emissions: bioenergy with carbon capture, direct air capture, CO2 utilization
        
        Power grid reliability & long-duration storage: Batteries, chemical storage, hydrogen
      - :bulb:Electric light-duty Vehicles, one of the
        technology highlighted by the IEA
      - :warning:Only 7 of 45 technologies are on track to help reach the Paris Agreement climate goals.