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fluid mechanics/projectile motion - Coggle Diagram
fluid mechanics/projectile motion
refers to the movement of either an object or the human body as it moves through the air
dynamic fluid force
drag force
surface drag - friction between the surface of an object and the fluid environment
form drag - the impact of the fluid environment on an object's cross-section
increasing/decreasing factors
velocity
greater velocity = greater drag
streamlining helps decrease the effects of this
cross-sectional area
large cross-sectional area = increase drag
crouching low over handlebars decreases this
shape/surface
more streamlined/aerodynamic = reduced drag
specialised equipment e.g. cyclists helmets reduce drag
horizontal displacement
the shortest distance from the starting point to the finishing point in a line parallel to the ground
factors effecting this
angle of release
optimum angle of release - the angle between the horizontal and the direction of projectile at release
when landing height is equal to release height OR = 45°
when landing height is higher than release height OR > 45°
when landing height is lower than release height OR < 45°
speed of release
the greater the release velocity = greater the horizontal displacement
height of release
a greater release height = greater horizontal displacement
factors affecting flight paths
weight and air resistance can cause a distorted parabola
projectiles with a large weight and a small air resistance follow a true parabolic flight path
the longer the flight path the more effect of air resistance
vector components
arrow drawn to represent the size and direction of the horizontal and vertical components
there is a large positive vertical component at the start of a parabolic pathway due to performer's force applied
no vertical component at the highest point
larger negative vertical component before landing due to the effects of gravity
the vertical component is affected by gravity whereas the horizontal component remains the same throughout
Bernoulli principle
air molecules exert less pressure the faster they travel and more pressure when they travel slower
lift force - causes a body to move perpendicular to the direction of travel
object will always travel from a high pressure to low pressure
angle of attack - the tilt of a projectile relative to the air flow