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Civilian Life in Nazi Germany - Coggle Diagram
Civilian Life in Nazi Germany
Policies Toward Women
Women were expected to stay at home, look after the family, and produce children in order to secure the future of the Aryan race. Backwards from the Weimar Progression
Kinder,
Law of Encouragement of Marriage: gave newlywed couples a loan of 1,000 marks, allowing them to keep 250 marks for each child they had
Mother Cross to women with many children
Allowed women to volunteer to have a baby for an Aryan SS member
Kuche
Measures were put in place to strongly discourage women from working
Law for the Reduction of Unemployment, giving women financial incentives to stay at home
Not conscripting women to help in the war effort until 1943
Kirche
Women were expected to emulate traditional German peasant fashions - plain peasant costumes, hair in plaits or buns and flat shoes. They were not expected to wear make-up or trousers, dye their hair or smoke in public. They were discouraged from staying slim, because it was thought that thin women had trouble giving birth.
Policies Toward Children and Education
Impressionable children were considered very important to Hitler and the Nazis, since they were most subject to indoctrination. Boys and Girls age 10 and over were encouraged to join the Hitler Youth. This system was later made compulsory
Girls participated in the League of German Maidens. They wore a uniform with a blue skirt, white blouse, and heavy marching shoes. Their activities mostly prepared them for motherhood, and included activities for staying healthy and domestic-stuff practice
Boys wore military style uniforms, participated in physical exercises, were subjected to political indoctrination. It was essentially to prepare them as future soldiers.
Education centered around a few core curriculums
History - lessons included a course on the rise of the Nazi Party.
Biology - lessons were used to teach Nazi racial theories of evolution in eugenics, the science of using controlled breeding or genetic manipulation to create desired qualities
Race study and ideology - Aryan superiority and anti-Semitism
Physical Education
Chemistry/Mathematics
Economic Policies
Trade Unions: were abolished and their leaders were arrested. Replaced by the Labour Front, which set wages and nearly always followed the wishes of the employers
The Nazis promised to stop the suffering of many unemployed Germans following the end of WW1. They sought to make the economy strong again, make unemployment disappear, and form an autarky.
Hitler began his economic revitalization plan with a huge program of public works. As an example, the construction of the autobahns created work for 80,000 men
Rearmament was responsible for a lot of the economic growth between 1933 and 1938. Created millions of jobs.
National Labor Service: all young men spent six months in the NLS and were then conscripted into the army. They were no longer counted in the unemployment numbers
Women were encouraged to stay home, making room for men
In 1937, Hermann Göring was made Economics Minister with the job of making Germany self-sufficient in four years. However, the measures he introduced, such as tighter controls on imports and subsidies for farmers to produce more food, were not successful. By the outbreak of World War Two Germany was still importing 20 per cent of its food and 33 per cent of its raw materials.
"Strength Through Joy" - which gave workers rewards for their work such as evening classes, theatre trips and even free holidays)
Beauty of Labour - an organization that helped Germans see that work was good, and that everyone who could work should. Encourage factory owners to improve conditions as well.
Cultural Policies
Religion
A Concordat was signed with the Pope, which allowed Hitler to increase his power in Germany without opposition from the Catholic Church, as long as he left the Church alone.
Police
Gestapo system
Propaganda
Poster, movies, slogans, music, etc.
The Arts
Celebration of Baroque and Romansque art that Hitler enjoyed. Modern art was seen as western and shuned.
Cultural Events
Nuremberg Laws of 1935
Only a person of Germanic blood is considered a citizen of Germany. This does not include Jews. Non-citizens had no vote and could not hold public office
Forbid marital/sexual relationships between Jews/German citizens
Jews were forbidden from displaying national flags/symbols/colors
Creates scapegoat that the German populous could blame for previous problems, which unified the non-jewish majority.
Economic Results
Big Businesses: Hitler and the Nazis had links to major companies such as Krupp steel and IG Farben, both of which were important for rearmament
Rules on opening/running small businesses were tightened, which resulted in 20% of them closing
Farmers benefitted under the Nazis. The Hereditary Farm Law of 1933 prevented farms from being repossessed from their owners, which gave farming families greater security. By 1937, agricultural prices had increased by 20 per cent and agricultural wages rose more quickly than those in industry.
Those working in the rearmament industries aside, living standards did not really improve for German workers under the Nazis. From 1933 to 1939 wages fell, the number of hours worked rose by 15 per cent, serious accidents in factories increased and workers could be blacklisted by employers if they attempted to question their working conditions.