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Vasoactive Peptides (Pharmacology) - Coggle Diagram
Vasoactive Peptides (Pharmacology)
1.Renin-angiotensin antagonists
Captopril, enalapril,other
Mechanism of Action
ACE inhibitor reduces
angiotensin Il and aldosterone secretion
increases bradykinin
Clinical Applications
aldosterone secretion
increases bradykinin
Pharmacokinetics
Oral
Half-life:~2h but large doses used for duration of
effect 12h
Toxicities, Interactions
Cough, teratogenic,
hyperkalemia
Losartan, valsartan, other ARBs
Clinical Applications
Hypertension
Pharmacokinetics
Oral
Duration:6-8 h
Mechanism of Action
AT1, recéptor inhibitor;
reduces effects of angiotensin II
Toxicities, Interactions
Teratogenic, hyperkalemia
Aliskiren
Clinical Applications
Hypertension
Pharmacokinetics
Oral
Duration:12h
Mechanism of Action
reduces
angiotensin I and I and aldosterone secretion
Toxicities, Interactions
Angioedema, renal
impairment
2.Kinin antagonists
Ecallantide
Clinical Applications
Hereditary angioedema
Pharmacokinetics
Subcutaneous
Duration 2 h
Mechanism of Action
Kallikrein inhibitor
reduces bradykinin levels
Toxicities, Interactions
Hypersensitivity reactions
Icatibant
Clinical Applications
Hereditary angioedema
Pharmacokinetics
Subcutaneous
Duration 1 h
Mechanism of Action
B2 bradykinin receptor
blocker
Toxicities, Interactions
Hepatic toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions
3.Natriuretic peptides
Nesiritide
Clinical Applications
Acute heart failure
Pharmacokinetics
Parenteral
Half-life: 18 min
Mechanism of Action
BNP receptor agonist
Toxicities, Interactions
Renal damage, hypotension
5.Neurokinin antagonists
Aprepitant
Clinical Applications
Antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced vomiting
Pharmacokinetics
Oral
Half-life: 9–13 h
Mechanism of Action
Tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist
Toxicities, Interactions
Asthenia, hiccups
Capsaicin
Clinical Applications
Topical for painful conditions (joints, post-herpetic neuralgia)
Pharmacokinetics
Topical
Duration: 4–6 h
Mechanism of Action
Releases substance P from nerve endings
Toxicities, Interactions
Burning, stinging, erythema
4.Endothelin antagonists
Bosentan, macitentan
Clinical Applications
Pulmonary hypertension
Pharmacokinetics
Oral
Half-life: 5 h
Mechanism of Action
ETA and ETB receptor antagonists
Toxicities, Interactions
Hepatic impairment; possible teratogen
Ambrisentan
ET antagonist like bosentan, more selective for ETA receptor