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What does the literature say is the impact of comprehensive and abstinence…
What does the literature say is the impact of comprehensive and abstinence only sex education
ABSTINENCE-ONLY VS. COMPREHENSIVE SEX EDUCATION
Comparison of Comprehensive and Abstinence-Only Sexuality Education in Young African American Adolescents
A quantitative study identifying predictors of sexual behavior and condom use in African American adolescents. Identifies many predictive factors such as social norms and self-efficacy. The main take away of this source is abstinence-only education increases risk of engaging in unprotected sex.
Worth the Wait? The Consequences of Abstinence-Only Sex Education on Marginalized Students.
A qualitative analysis (recorded in-person interviews) of views on perceived safety, the sufficiency of content, and stereotypes promoted within abstinence-only sex education classes.
Three Decades of Research: The Case for Comprehensive Sex Education
A comprehensive review of existing literature to establish the effectiveness of comprehensive sex education on factors other than pregnancy and STI prevention. This study looks at factors such as dating and intimate partner violence, child sex abuse, development of healthy relationships, appreciation of sexual diversity, improved social/emotional learning, and media literacy. The conclusion was widespread support for comprehensive sex education and the adoption of the National Sex Education Standards.
National Sexuality Education Standards (SIECUS: Sex Ed for Social Change)
A social justice organization dedicated to standardizing core content and skills for sex education within k-12. Their goal is to be evidence based, age appropriate, and theory driven.
Abstinence-Only and Comprehensive Sex Education and the Initiation of Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy
A quantitative study comparing different forms of sex education. The main conclusion was that receiving comprehensive sex education lowered the likelihood of teen pregnancy compared to no formal sex education. Abstinence-only sex education had not significant effect on the likelihood of teen pregnancy compared to no formal sex education.
Useful as a baseline of what past research has looked at and what the overall consensus has been within research over time with a changing sociocultural climate.
IMPACT: STUDENT VIEWS/MORALITY
Unmet Needs in Sex Education---What Students Aim to Understand About Sexuality of the Other Sex
A qualitative study that asked a large sample (over 2000) of adolescents to provide questions they had about sex and sexuality. The research does a systematic review of these questions to establish over-all trends. This allows them to establish weaknesses in the current sex education system to accommodate changing societal norms.
Abstinence-Only Sex Education: College Students' Evaluations and Responses
A qualitative study of young adults concluding that abstinence-only sex education had little overall impact on their lives. Perceptions of sex and sexuality varied, but there was support for future use of comprehensive instruction methods.
The Role of Previous Contraception Education and Moral Judgment in Contraceptive Use
A secondary analysis looking at the impact of comprehensive sex education on contraceptive use. The study concludes that young women are more likely to use contraceptives and less likely to view them as morally wrong if they have ever visited a physician or clinic for women's health care or received comprehensive sex education.
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
branch color indicates multiple variable (stated + social inequality)
IMPACT: TEEN PREGNANCIES AND HIV/SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS/SEXUAL BEHAVIORS
(CDC reporting) Reproductive Health: Teen Pregnancy
A source providing statistics and data to further support empirical sources. This also acts as a comparison to ensure overall validity.
Do School-Based Programs Prevent HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
A source reviewing literature to determine the effectiveness of different school-based interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections and HIV. The study concluded that there was not overwhelming support for the idea that school-based interventions are effective.
The Effect of State-Level Education Policies on Youth Sexual Behaviors
A quantitative study concluding that state policies create a statistically significant effect on public health, about sex education. The main conclusions were that requiring abstinence content increases rates at which youth are sexually active and decreases the likelihood to use hormonal birth control. In contrast, requiring sex and/or HIV/STD education and contraception content results in lower rates of sexually active youth and increased contraception use among those who are sexually active.
Flow of central themes and sources
Main Point 1: an explanation of what these two programs are and the rates at which they are implemented. (conceptualization and operationalization of these variables
Main Point 2: what the literature says about these programs and their effectiveness
Main Point 3: social impact---rates of teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections
Main Point 4: social impact of sex education---what are students saying is valuable
Main Point 5: social impact ---inequality that exists (summarizing points of this made through other sources throughout paper
still needed: more statistic on what the most common practices are