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Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Urinary System
Neprhons
Renal Corpuscule
- In cortex
- blood filtration
-
-
Bowman's Space
- between visceral and parietal
- receives filtered fluid
- contains plasma ultra filtrate (primary urine)
- continuous with lumen of PCT
Poles
-
Tubular
where PCT begins, simple
squamous to simple cuboidal
-
Mesangial Cells
- contractile properties, support capillaries
- adjust contraction in response to BP
- difficult to see
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Cortex, longest most convoluted
- simple cuboidal with microvilli
- acidophilic cells, central nuclei, obscured lumen
- See many right next to renal corpuscule
bc convoluted
- Reabsorption of all organic nutrients
- secretion of organic anions/cations, H and NH4
Loop of Henle
(medulla)
Function
- further adjust salt content
Structure
Thin loop/limb
- Simple Squamous, longer in juxta
than cortical
Descending water withdrawn passively
concentrates filter
Ascending: reabsorbs NaCl, but impermeable
to water
Ascending Thick Limb
- similar to DCT, simple cuboidal
- active transport of Na and Cl out
Descending Thick Limb
similar to PCT (simple cuboidal), bit dirty
-
-
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System RAAS
- regulates V of EC fluid and arterial vasoconstriction
- Renin secreted by JG cells, increase BP, restore
perfusion pressure in kidney
Collecting Ducts
- simple cuboidal then tall simple columnar
- several enter papillary duct (Bellini)
- which opens at renal papillae into minor calyx
- if zoomed in picture and no glomerulus, assume
collecting duct and DCT
Major Functions
-
Resorption, balancing fluids and electrolytes
-
Producing Renin, erythropoietin,
metabolizing vitamin D
-
Kidneys
Structure
- bean shaped, 150g
- Outer part, cortex, inner part
medullary pyramids
- medulla opens up to papillae
--> minor calyces --> major calyces
--> renal pelvis --> Ureter
- very irrigated
Function
-
-
Tubular Reabsorption
substances move from tubular lumen
across the epithelium into interstitium and capillaries
Uriniferous Tubule
Nephron
Cortical
outer portion of cortex, short Henle
Juxtamedullary
in cortex, close to medulla, long Henle
dips in medulla
-
Renin-Angiotensin System
Low BP
Liver, angiotensinogen + kidney, renin-->
angiotensin I + lungs, ACE --> angiotensin II
--> vasoconstrictor vessels + adrenal gland, aldosterone
--> stimulates reabsorption of NaCl and water in the kidney
High BP
higher GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
--> increases Na and Cl in thick ascending loop
--> macula densa --> contraction of afferent
--> lower glomerular P + lower GFR
--> lower tubular ion C, turn off vasoconstrictors
Ureter
Muscularis
- Smooth muscle
- inner longitudinal, outer circular
- light pink
Adventitia
- Loose CT with blood vessels,
lymphatics and nerves
- dark pink
Mucosa
- folded, star-shaped lumen
- transitional epithelium, dense irregular CT
Urinary Bladder
Muscularis
Inner layer, longitudinal smooth muscle
- middle layer circulatory arranged smooth
muscle (involuntary/internal sphincter)
- outer layer, longitudinally arranged
smooth muscle
Adventitia/Serosa
- Loose connective tissue and dense
irregular CT with blood, lymphatics, nerves
- some areas have overlying mesothelium = serosa
Mucosa
- folded when relaxed,
straightened when distended
- transitional epithelium
Dense irregular and loose connective tissue
Clinical Correlations
-
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clear Cell (70%)
canary yellow grossly, renal tubular area
clear hits look
-
Polycystic Kidney Disease
- genetic, dominant (later), recessive (child)
Urethra
Male
15-20cm
Membranous
middle, in muscle
Penile
in penis, strat columnar to pseudostrat
to non-keratinized strat squamous
Prostatic
transitional, before sphincter
Female
- 2-6cm long
- goes through pubic floor muscles
- transitional, non-keratinized strat squamous
- urethral opening