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Leaves - Coggle Diagram
Leaves
Internal structure of foliage leaves
Epidermis
Outermost, protoderm-derived layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant
Mesophyll
he inner tissue (parenchyma) of a leaf, containing many chloroplasts.
Vascular tissues
The tissue in higher plants that constitutes the vascular system, consisting of phloem and xylem, by which water and nutrients are conducted throughout the plant.
Petiole
A stalk that connects the blade with the leaf base. The blade is the major photosynthetic surface of the plant and appears green and flattened in a plane perpendicular to the stem.
Leaf blade (lamina)
Consists of a central tissue, called the mesophyll, surrounded on either side by upper and lower epidermis
Sheathing leaf base
structure at the base of a leaf's petiole that partly surrounds or protect the stem or another organ that it subtends
Rachis
The main axis of a compound structure. It can be the main stem of a compound leaf, such as in Acacia or ferns, or the main, flower-bearing portion of an inflorescence above a supporting peduncle.
Compound leaf
A leaf in which the blade is divided to the midrib, forming two or more distinct blades or leaflets on a common axis, the leaflets themselves occasionally being compound — compare palmate, pinnate, simple leaf.
Morphology & anatomy of other leaf types
Succulent leaves
Are plants with parts that are thickened, fleshy, and engorged, usually to retain water in arid climates or soil conditions
Sclerophyllous foliage leaves
Foliage leaves must produce more sugars by photosynthesis than are used in their own construction and metabolism or the plant would lose energy everytime it produced a leave
Type of vegetation characterized by hard, leathery, evergreen foliage that is specially adapted to prevent moisture loss
Leaves of conifers
are long, thin and have a needle-like appearance, but others, including most of the Cupressaceae and some of the Podocarpaceae, have flat, triangular scale-like leaves.
Bud scales
Small waxy, corky that covers buds and protects the delicate organs inside
Spines
Are modified leaves. In cacti, spines are transformed leaves that protect the plant from herbivores, radiate heat from the stem during the day, and collect and drip condensed water vapour during the cooler nights
Tendrils
Is a slender whiplike or threadlike strand, produced usually from the node of a stem, by which a vine or other plant may climb. Its anatomy may be of stem tissue or of leafstalk tissue
Leaves with kranz anatomy
is a special structure in the leaves of C4 plants where the tissue equivalent to spongy mesophyll cells is clustered in a ring around the leaf veins outside the bundle sheath cells.
Insect traps
The ability to trap and digest insects have evolved in several families, by digesting insects, plants obtain the nitrogen they need for their amino acids and nucleotides
They gather nutrients from gases in the air and nutrients in the soil. However, they live in poor soil and are healthier if they get nutrients from insects.
Initiation & development of leaves
Basal angiosperms & euidicots
are a broad group of the most primitive flowering plants. They do not belong to either the monocots or eudicots but were for a long time lumped together with the eudicots into a well-known group called the dicots
The basal angiosperms are mostly woody plants that produce seeds and flowers.
Monocots
are grass and grass-like flowering plants the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon.
Leaf primordium
Are groups of cells that will form into new leaves.
