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Tissues & the primary growth of stems - Coggle Diagram
Tissues & the primary growth of stems
Basic types of cells & tissues
Paarenchyma
Tissue is composed of thin-walled cells and makes up the photosynthetic tissue in leaves, the pulp of fruits, and the endosperm of many seeds. Collenchyma cells mainly form supporting tissue and have irregular cell walls. They are found mainly in the cortex of stems and in leaves.
Collenchyma
Are elongated cells with irregularly thick cell walls that provide support and structure. Their thick cell walls are composed of the compounds cellulose and pectin. These cells are often found under the epidermis, or the outer layer of cells in young stems and in leaf veins
Sclerenchyma
Are strong, thick cells that provide most of the support in a plant. They are known to have extremely thick cell walls and do not participate in many of the other activities of the developing plant, such as photosynthesis, because their focus is strictly on support and structure.
External organization of stems
nodes
Where leaves are attached
Internodes
The regions between nodes
Axillary bud
Within the leaf axil a miniature shoot with dominant apical meristem and several young leaves, will grow into branch or floral bud
Bud scles
Small waxy, corky that covers buds and protects the delicate organs inside
Terminal bud
the primary growing point located at the tip of the stem
Phyllotaxy
The arrangement of leaves on an axis or stem
Leaf axil
The stem are just above the point where a leaf attaches
Internal organization of stems
Epidermis
Outermost, protoderm-derived layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant
Cortex
Is an outer layer of a stem or root in a plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. ... The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation.
Vascular tissues
The tissue in higher plants that constitutes the vascular system, consisting of phloem and xylem, by which water and nutrients are conducted throughout the plant.
Xylem
The vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.
Phloem
The vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Vascular bundles
A strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside.
