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MECHANISMS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - They consist of two pulleys that are a certain distance apart. The axles are parallel and rotate simultaneously.
      - USES: Industrial machines, vehicle engines, washing machines.
    - - Cogwheels are sets of wheels that have teeth called cogs. They transmit a rotary motion between the two connected axles, which can be parallel, perpendicular or oblique.
      - Can be cylindrical or conical
      - EQUATION: N1·Z1=N2·Z2 => Z1/Z2=N2/N1
      - USES: Industrial machinery, vehicles and domestic appliances.
    - - The first wheel is called the primary drive wheel, and the second is called output wheel.
      - EQUATION: N1·D1=N2·D2 => D1/D2=N2/N1
      - USES: Industry
    - - This is a screw that moves a helical cogwheel that is set perpendicular to the screw.
      - USED TO REDUCE VELOCITY
      - Nwheel = Nscrew·Zgrooves/ Zwheel
      - USES: Lap counters, gear reduction systems...
    - - These are two cogwheels with parallel axles that are a certain distance apart; they rotate simultaneously by means of a metal chain or a toothed belt stretched over both wheels.
      - EQUATION: N1·Z1=N2·Z2 => Z1/Z2=N2/N1
      - USES: Industrial machinery, engines, bicycles, motorbikes.
    - - This is a system of more than two gears, connected together.
      - EQUATION: N4/N1=Z1·Z3/Z2·Z4
      - USES: Machine tools, robotics...
    - - It's a system of pulleys, or wheels, with a belt formed by more than two wheels.
      - EQUATION: N4/N1=D1·D3/D2·D4
      - USES: Machine tools, drills
      - VARIATION IN VELOCITY
        
        CONSTANT SYSTEM: Velocity remains constant
        
        REDUCING SYSTEM: Velocity is reduced
        
        MULTIPLYING SYSTEM: Velocity is increased
  - - - A fixed pulley is a wheel that has a groove around lt into which a rope,chain or belt fits. It rotates around an axle that is fixed to an immobile surface.
      - IT IS BALANCED WHEN THE EFFORT (F) IS EQUAL TO THE RESISTANCE OF THE LOAD (R)
        
        F=R
      - USES: Wells and gym equipment
    - - IT IS BALANCED WHEN IT RESPONDS TO THIS EQUATION
        
        F=R/2
      - THE EFFORT REQUIRED IS HALF THE EFFORT NEEDED IN A FIXED PULLEY
      - A moveable pulley s a set of two pulleys — one is fixed while the other can move in a linear direction.
    - - THERE ARE TWO EQUATIONS
        
        F=R/2·n
        
        F=R/2FFFFFFFF N
      - USES: Lifts, goods lifts and cranes
      - This is system of fixed and moveable pulleys, often called block and tackle.
    - - A LEVER IS A RIGID BAR THAT IS SUPPORTED BY A FULCRUM (F·d=R·r)
      - F is the effort applied at one end of the bar
      - R is resistance applied at the other side
      - d is the distance from F to the fulcrum
      - r is the distance from R to the fulcrum
      - TYPES
        
        CLASS 2
        
        The resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort applied
        
        CLASS 3
        
        The effort applied is between the fulcrum and the resistance
        
        CLASS 1
        
        The fulcrum is between the effort applied and the resistance
- - - - This is a set of connecting rods attached to a jointed axle. Each of the joints of the axle acts as a crank.
      - USES: Combustion engines and sewing machines.
    - - This is basically a rotating object that pushes a follower as it moves. A cam transforms rotary motion into reciprocating motion in the follower. A set of cams fixed on the same axle is called a camshaft.
      - USES: Combustion engines, automatic systems
    - - This is composed of a crank and a rod called a connecting rod or link.
      - USES: Internal combustion engines, windscreen wipers and machine tools.
    - - This consists of a wheel with an off-centre rotation axle that doesn't coincide with the centre of its circumference.The distance between the centre of the circumference and the rotation axle is called eccentricity.
      - USES: Sewing machines, windscreen wipers.
  - - - This consists of a bolt or threaded bar and a nut that has the same interior diameter as the diameter of the bolt.
      - USES: Presses, taps, car jacks...
    - - A crank is a bar attached to an axle that is used to turn it. A winch and crank handle system consists of a drum that rotates and a protection from the sun that crank handle that allows to pull or lift objects.
      - F·d=R·r => F=R·R·r/d
      - USES: Roller blinds, coffee grinders, crushing machines...
    - - This uses a pinion that is a small cogwheel, mounted on a rack that is a toothed belt or bar.
      - EQUATION: L=P·Z·N
      - USES: Bench drills, corkscrews, vehicle steering.