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Chapter 6 Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems, Shoot tips are from…
Chapter 6 Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems
External Organization of Stems
nodes
leaf attachment points
internodes
between nodes
leaf axil
stem before the leaf
axilary bud
mini shoot with a dormant bud
bud scales
protective leaves
phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaves on stem
leaves cannot shade eachother
bulbs
short shoots
corms
vertical thick stems
Internal Organization of Stems:
Arrangement of Primary Tissues
Vascular Tissues
Xylem
conducts water & minerals
thracheids
vessel elements
Phloem
distributes sugar and minerals
for thin, or single layers
Xylem
tracheary element
tracheids
vessel elements
primary wall
rings (annular thickenings)
secondary wall
helical thickening
scalariform thickening
reticulate thickening
Cortex
#
interior to the epidermis
homogeneous, photosynthetic parenchyma
compact except in fleshy stems
Phloem
sieve elements
sieve tube members
sieve cells
plasmodesmata
results in sieve pores
clusters in sieve areas
sieve areas result in sieve tube
Epidermis
outermost surface
single layer of parenchyma
#
exchanges of gas and fluids
cutin
cuticle
stomata
Vascular Bundles
pith
xylem & Polem
collateral
primary Xylem
Primary pholem
Stem Growth and Differentiation
grow longer by
apical meristerms
subapical meristerm ( space)
outer vascular bundles
exterioir
protophloem
interior
metapholem
Basic types of cells and tissues
Collenchyma
unevenly thick
"plastic" support
shoot tips that have to be long and flexible
#
Sclerenvhyma
2 walls
primary wall
thinner, and elstic
secondary wall
thick
Parenchyma
thin walls
parenchyma tissue
chlorenchyma
assist in photo synthesis
Concepts
angiosperms
basal Angiosperms
Waterlilies, magnolias, laurels
Eudicots
broad leaf
roses, asters, maples
monocots
grasses
lillies, cattails ect
Shoot tips are from collenchyma
parenchyma make up the epidermis
photosynthesis occurs
